Fluorescence Signal Collection with Rapid Charge Release
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional fluorescence detectors have a limited dynamic range due to saturation issues in signal integration and analog-to-digital conversion, restricting their application in biological sample analysis, particularly at microsecond-order fluorescence detection speeds.
Innovation Solution
A method and device that utilize a trigger instruction to release over 90% of accumulated charges in a short time period, less than 15% of the full width at half maximum of the fluorescence intensity waveform, to prevent saturation and increase the dynamic range by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If continuous integration of electrical signal is performed to acquire fluorescence data, then measurement precision is improved, but the detector saturates and dynamic range is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements periodic discharge of accumulated charges from the integrator at controlled intervals, creating a cyclical pattern of charge accumulation and release. This periodic action prevents continuous integration from causing saturation while maintaining measurement precision during the accumulation phase, thereby expanding the detector's dynamic range to handle both weak and strong fluorescence signals effectively
2Measurement precision
If integration time is extended to improve signal-to-noise ratio, then measurement precision is improved, but the response speed decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent dynamically adjusts the integration time based on the intensity of the fluorescence signal. For weak signals, longer integration times are used to improve signal-to-noise ratio, while for strong signals, shorter integration times prevent saturation. This dynamic adjustment mechanism allows the system to optimize both measurement precision and response speed adaptively according to signal conditions
3Measurement precision
If photon counting mode is used for low intensity signals, then measurement precision is improved, but the maximum detectable signal intensity is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal detection system that can handle both low and high intensity signals through a single integrated approach. The system uses analog integration with periodic discharge to replace the need for separate photon counting and analog modes, making the detector universally applicable across the entire intensity range from very weak to very strong fluorescence signals
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The dynamic range of fluorescence detectors is effectively increased to 10^6, allowing for accurate signal acquisition across a wider intensity range without saturation, enhancing the capability for biological sample analysis.
Implementation Method 1
The fluorescence detector performs photoelectric detection on the fluorescence to generate an electrical signal
Data Source
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AI summary
A method for performing signal collection on fluorescence emitted by an object to be subjected to detection in a sample, and a device for signal collection. The method for performing signal collection on fluorescence emitted by an object to be subjected to detection in a sample comprises the following steps: performing photoelectric detection on fluorescence (205) which is emitted by an object (203) to be subjected to detection in a sample (202), so as to generate an electrical signal; integrating the electrical signal; collecting the integrated electrical signal; and in response to a trigger indication (512), releasing, within a time period, more than 90% of charges which are accumulated in a charge integrator (210) used for integrating the electrical signal, wherein the time period is less than 15% of a half-peak full width of a time-domain waveform (B) that reflects the light intensity of the fluorescence. By means of releasing most of the accumulated charges in a timely manner within a short time during the process of integrating an electrical signal which is generated during fluorescence detection, the problem of the dynamic range of a fluorescence detector being insufficient is effectively solved, such that the dynamic range of the fluorescence detector can be expanded.