Fluorescent Passivation Layer for Tarnish-Resistant Electrical Terminals

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electrical connectors face challenges in differentiation and identification, particularly with silver connectors that tarnish or oxidize, leading to connection performance issues due to environmental degradation and difficulty in visual confirmation of the material type during installation.

Innovation Solution

A fluorophore component is integrated into a polar organic passivation film on the metallic conductive layer of electrical terminals, enabling optical/visual identification through fluorescence, along with an optical inspection system to determine the presence and type of the passivation layer and conductive layer.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a metallic conductive layer (e.g., silver) is applied to provide high electrical conductivity, then electrical conductivity is improved, but the material becomes susceptible to tarnishing and environmental degradation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical conductivityVSAvoidtarnishing and oxidation
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

A polar organic passivation film is introduced as an intermediary layer between the metallic conductive layer and the environment. This film acts as a protective barrier that prevents direct contact between the metal and corrosive environmental factors while maintaining electrical conductivity through its polar characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a composite structure combining the metallic conductive layer with an organic passivation film. This composite material integrates the high conductivity of metal with the protective properties of the organic film, achieving both electrical performance and environmental resistance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Object-affected harmful factors

If a protective passivation film is applied to prevent corrosion and tarnishing, then resistance to environmental effects is improved, but the ability to visually identify and differentiate connector types is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresistance to environmental degradationVSAvoidvisual identification of connector material
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The passivation film is designed to exhibit fluorescence under UV illumination, creating a visible optical signal that enables easy identification of the protected metallic layer type. This fluorescent property allows visual differentiation of connector materials without compromising the protective function of the film.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #32Color changes

3Object-affected harmful factors

If traditional protective coatings (e.g., lubricating oil, surfactant coatings) are applied to prevent corrosion, then protection against environmental degradation is improved, but the coatings may affect contact resistance and connection performance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection against corrosionVSAvoidcontact resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the chemical and physical parameters of the protective coating by using a polar organic film with specific molecular characteristics. This film maintains low contact resistance through its polar nature while providing corrosion protection, unlike traditional non-polar coatings such as lubricating oils or surfactants.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides enhanced conductivity, resistance to environmental effects, and improved identification of electrical connectors, ensuring accurate material confirmation and maintaining low contact resistance, thereby preventing connection issues.

Implementation Method 1

a fluorophore provided at the passivation layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluorescence: Fluorescence

Data Source

PatentEP4056666B1Electrical terminal with passivation layer
Publication Date: 2023.11.01 APTIV TECHNOLOGIES LTD
  • EP4056666B1 patent drawingFigure 1a
  • EP4056666B1 patent drawingFigure 1b
  • EP4056666B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

A male or female electrical terminal comprising a substrate, a metallic conductive layer provided on the substrate, an organic passivation film provided on the metallic conductive layer, and a fluorophore provided at the passivation layer. The fluorophore may be provided at a polar organic passivation film via any one or a combination of mechanisms including but not limited to entrapment, tethering, entanglement, covalent/chemical bonding, and/or electrostatic bonding such as ionic or Van der Waals interactions.