Multi-Signal Fluorescent Probe for Tumor Biomarker Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing fluorescent probes cannot simultaneously detect and discriminate between peroxynitrite (ONOO−) and sodium disulfide (Na2S2), limiting their application in dual-channel ratiometric fluorescence imaging for early tumor diagnosis.
Innovation Solution
A multi-signal fluorescent probe is developed, synthesized through specific chemical reactions involving 2-methoxyphenothiazine, ethyl iodide, boron tribromide, malonic acid, zinc chloride, and phosphorus oxychloride, which emits distinct fluorescence signals under different excitation wavelengths when reacting with ONOO− and Na2S2, enabling simultaneous detection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If existing fluorescent probes are used, then detection of single analyte is achieved, but simultaneous discrimination and detection of ONOO− and Na2S2 cannot be performed
Solution Approach 1:
The probe is designed with distinct detection channels (dual-channel ratiometric fluorescence imaging) that segment the detection process into separate pathways for ONOO− and Na2S2, allowing simultaneous discrimination while maintaining high detection capability for each analyte
Solution Approach 2:
The fluorescent probe exhibits multi-functionality by being capable of detecting multiple analytes (ONOO− and Na2S2) simultaneously through different fluorescence channels, transforming a single-function probe into a universal detection tool that maintains high adaptability and discrimination accuracy
2Measurement precision
If conventional detection methods are used, then simple detection is achieved, but early diagnosis of tumors requiring simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The fluorescent probe employs a composite molecular structure that integrates multiple detection functionalities into a single probe entity, achieving high measurement precision for simultaneous detection of ONOO− and Na2S2 while managing the inherent complexity through rational molecular design rather than multiple separate probes
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The probe allows for the simultaneous ratiometric discrimination and detection of ONOO− and Na2S2, facilitating early medical diagnosis by emitting specific fluorescence signals under different excitation wavelengths, with a limit of detection of 42.12 nM for ONOO− and 38.45 nM for Na2S2.
Implementation Method 1
the small-molecule fluorescent probe-based fluorescence imaging technology has become an effective strategy for visualizing the spatio-temporal distribution of biomolecules in biological samples
Data Source
AI summary
A multi-signal fluorescent probe, represented by:A method for preparing the multi-signal fluorescent probe includes: (a) adding 2-methoxyphenothiazine and ethyl iodide into a mixture of dichloromethane (DCM) and acetonitrile followed by a first reaction and a first post-treatment to obtain 10-ethyl-2-methoxy-10H-phenothiazine; (b) adding boron tribromide into the 10-ethyl-2-methoxy-10H-phenothiazine under an inert gas followed by a second reaction under an ice bath and a second post-treatment to obtain 10-ethyl-10H-phenothiazin-2-ol; and (c) mixing the 10-ethyl-10H-phenothiazin-2-ol, malonic acid, zinc chloride and phosphorus oxychloride followed by a third reaction and a third post-treatment to obtain the multi-signal fluorescent probe. A use of the multi-signal fluorescent probe in the detection of intracellular ONOO− and Na2S2 is also provided.