Fluoride-Ion Battery Electrolyte and Electrode Composites for Higher Capacity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional fluoride ion secondary batteries face limitations in discharge capacity and energy density, necessitating improvements to enhance their performance.
Innovation Solution
A fluoride ion secondary battery design incorporating a positive electrode layer with a composite fluoride including copper and fluoride, a negative electrode layer with lanthanoid fluoride doped with alkaline earth metal fluoride and a carbon material, and a solid electrolyte layer containing BaCaF4 or SrCaF4 nanoparticles, which improves ion and electron conductivity and defluorination potential.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If a conventional fluoride ion secondary battery is used, then the basic battery structure is maintained, but the discharge capacity and energy density are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs composite materials throughout the battery structure: the positive electrode uses a composite fluoride of copper and another metal (e.g., Cu-Sb-F), the negative electrode uses a composite of lanthanoid fluoride doped with alkaline earth metal fluoride and carbon material, and the solid electrolyte uses composite fluorides like BaCaF4 or SrCaF4. These composite materials enable simultaneous improvement in discharge capacity and energy density by combining the advantages of different materials.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes key material parameters to improve performance: doping lanthanoid fluoride with alkaline earth metal fluoride (changing compositional parameters), using nanoparticles of solid electrolyte (changing size parameters), and selecting specific stoichiometric ratios in composite fluorides (changing chemical composition parameters). These parameter changes optimize ion conductivity and electrochemical activity to enhance discharge capacity and energy density.
2Reliability
If solid electrolyte layer is used instead of electrolytic solution, then safety against heat is improved, but discharge capacity is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the parameters of the solid electrolyte by using composite fluorides like BaCaF4 or SrCaF4 with specific compositional ratios and nanoparticle forms. These parameter changes enhance the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte, allowing it to maintain high discharge capacity while preserving the safety advantages of solid-state architecture over liquid electrolytes.
Solution Approach 2:
The solid electrolyte uses composite fluoride materials (e.g., BaCaF4, SrCaF4) that combine multiple elements to achieve optimal properties. This composite structure enables the solid electrolyte to provide both the safety benefits of solid-state design and the high ionic conductivity needed for high discharge capacity, resolving the contradiction between safety and performance.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The battery exhibits enhanced discharge capacity and energy density, with improved ion conductivity and electron conductivity, leading to better performance compared to conventional designs.
Implementation Method 1
the solid electrolyte layer includes BaCaF4; the solid electrolyte contained in the negative electrode layer includes at least one of BaCaF4 and SrCaF4
Implementation Method 2
the negative electrode active material includes a lanthanoid fluoride doped with the alkaline earth metal fluoride; the conductive aid includes a carbon material; the lanthanoid fluoride doped with the alkaline earth metal fluoride forms a composite with the carbon material
Implementation Method 3
a fluoride ion secondary battery, including a positive electrode layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode layer
Data Source
AI summary
A fluoride ion secondary battery, comprising: a positive electrode layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode layer, wherein the positive electrode layer comprises a positive electrode active material; the positive electrode active material comprises a composite fluoride comprising copper and a fluoride; the solid electrolyte comprises BaCaF4; the negative electrode layer comprises a negative electrode active material, a conductive aid, and a solid electrolyte; the negative electrode active material comprises a lanthanoid fluoride doped with the alkaline earth metal fluoride; the conductive aid comprises a carbon material, the solid electrolyte contained in the negative electrode layer comprises at least one of BaCaF4 and SrCaF4; and the lanthanoid fluoride doped with the alkaline earth metal fluoride forms a composite with the carbon material.