Fluoride Ion Battery Anode Using Layered Materials
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium-based batteries face challenges due to lithium's high reactivity, which increases battery weight and reduces energy density, and fluoride-anion batteries struggle with confirming ideal anode reactions in non-aqueous organic electrolyte solutions.
Innovation Solution
Development of a fluoride ion electrochemical cell with a cathode and anode made from layered materials like hard carbon, nitrogen-doped graphite, and TiS2, paired with a fluoride ion electrolyte, allowing reversible exchange of fluoride ions during charging and discharging.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If lithium metal is used in cation-based battery systems, then high energy density is achieved, but safety issues arise due to high reactivity requiring additional control circuitry that increases weight
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces fluoride ions as an intermediary charge carrier that mediates between the anode and cathode. The fluoride ion electrolyte acts as a mediator that enables ion transport without requiring lithium metal, thus maintaining high energy density while eliminating safety issues associated with lithium reactivity. The fluoride ions shuttle between electrodes, enabling charge transfer without the hazards of lithium metal handling and storage.
2Reliability
If lithium metal is stored in safe forms such as intercalates, then safety is improved, but battery weight increases and energy density reduces
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts lithium from the system entirely by using fluoride ion-based electrochemistry. Instead of storing lithium in intercalates or other safe forms, the invention removes lithium dependency completely by using fluoride ions as the charge carrier. This extraction of lithium from the system eliminates the need for heavy intercalate materials while maintaining both safety and high energy density through the lightweight fluoride ion transport mechanism.
3Power
If fluoride ion batteries use non-aqueous organic electrolyte solutions, then high voltage is achieved, but ideal anode reactions cannot be confirmed due to large overpotential
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the electrochemical parameters by selecting specific anode materials with appropriate potential ranges that are compatible with non-aqueous organic electrolytes. By adjusting the anode material selection and its potential window, the system achieves both high voltage operation and observable ideal anode reactions. The parameter changes in electrode material composition and potential range enable simultaneous achievement of high voltage and reliable reaction confirmation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides high voltage, energy density, and cycle life for fluoride ion batteries, with stable performance and safety, and enables efficient ion exchange mechanisms, overcoming the limitations of lithium-based batteries.
Implementation Method 1
At least one of the cathode and the anode reversibly exchange the fluoride ions with the electrolyte during charging or discharging of the electrochemical cell
Implementation Method 2
a fluoride ion electrolyte arranged between the cathode and the anode... Fluoride anions (F−) in the fluoride anion conducting electrolyte move from the cathode to the anode during discharge, and from the anode to the cathode during charging of the battery
Implementation Method 3
The anode and cathode are typically formed from low potential elements or compounds (e.g., metals, metal fluorides, or intercalating compositions such as graphite)
Data Source
AI summary
An anode for a fluoride ion electrochemical cell is provided and includes a layered material of hard carbon, nitrogen doped graphite, boron doped graphite, TiS2, MoS2, TiSe2, MoSe2, VS2, VSe2, electrides of alkali earth metal nitrides, electrides of metal carbides, or combinations thereof. The anode may be included in a fluoride ion electrochemical cell, which additionally includes a cathode and a fluoride ion electrolyte arranged between the cathode and the anode. At least one of the cathode and the anode reversibly exchange the fluoride ions with the electrolyte during charging or discharging of the electrochemical cell.