All Solid Fluoride Ion Battery Anode Layer Design
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current all solid fluoride ion batteries face challenges in achieving favorable capacity properties due to limitations in anode layer performance, particularly in electron and fluoride ion conductivity, leading to uneven defluorination reactions and reduced charging and discharging capacities.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating a metal fluoride anode layer with specific metal elements M1 and M2, where M1 undergoes fluorination and defluorination at potentials of −2.5 V or more, and M2 maintains fluoride ion conductivity of 1×10−4 S/cm at 200° C, ensuring both elements are dispersed at an atomic level, enhancing electron and fluoride ion conductivity paths.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a traditional anode layer is used in an all solid fluoride ion battery, then the battery structure is simple, but the capacity property is poor due to insufficient electron and fluoride ion conductivity
Solution Approach 1:
The anode layer is constructed as a composite material containing both metal fluoride (providing fluoride ion conductivity) and metal (providing electron conductivity). This composite structure enables simultaneous achievement of high ionic and electronic conductivity, resolving the contradiction between capacity property and structural simplicity.
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the anode layer are designed with different local compositions - metal fluoride regions provide fluoride ion conduction pathways while metal regions provide electron conduction pathways. This local differentiation of properties enables optimized capacity performance throughout the anode structure.
2Reliability
If the anode layer uses only metal fluoride, then fluoride ion conductivity is maintained, but electron conductivity is insufficient leading to uneven defluorination reactions
Solution Approach 1:
By combining metal fluoride and metal in the anode layer composite, the system simultaneously provides fluoride ion conductivity (from metal fluoride) and electron conductivity (from metal). This resolves the contradiction between maintaining fluoride ion conductivity and preventing electron conductivity loss, enabling uniform defluorination reactions.
3Reliability
If the anode layer uses only metal, then electron conductivity is high, but fluoride ion conductivity is insufficient reducing charging capacity
Solution Approach 1:
The composite anode layer integrates metal fluoride (providing fluoride ion conductivity) with metal (providing electron conductivity). This composite structure simultaneously addresses both requirements - sufficient fluoride ion conductivity for high charging capacity and sufficient electron conductivity for reaction uniformity.
4Reliability
If the anode layer components are mixed at macro level, then manufacturing is simple, but reaction efficiency is reduced due to poor dispersion
Solution Approach 1:
The anode layer is designed with locally differentiated properties where metal fluoride and metal are distributed at the microscopic level. This local quality differentiation creates numerous interfaces and conduction pathways, significantly improving reaction efficiency compared to macro-level mixing, while the overall fabrication process remains manageable.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration significantly improves the capacity properties of the all solid fluoride ion battery by ensuring efficient fluoride ion conductivity and electron conductivity, leading to enhanced charging and discharging capacities compared to traditional anode layers.
Implementation Method 1
the metal fluoride containing the M2 element and the F element has fluoride ion conductivity of 1×10−4 S/cm or more at 200° C.
Implementation Method 2
the metal of the M1 element has high electron conductivity
Implementation Method 3
the M1 element is a metal element that fluorination and defluorination occur at a potential, versus Pb/PbF2, of −2.5 V or more
Data Source
AI summary
An object of the present disclosure is to provide an all solid fluoride ion battery that has a favorable capacity property. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing an all solid fluoride ion battery comprising: a cathode layer, an anode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer formed between the cathode layer and the anode layer; wherein the anode layer includes a metal fluoride containing an M1 element, an M2 element, and a F element; the M1 element is a metal element that fluorination and defluorination occur at a potential, versus Pb/PbF2, of −2.5 V or more; the M2 element is a metal element that neither fluorination nor defluorination occur at a potential, versus Pb/PbF2, of −2.5 V or more; and the M2 element is a metal element that, when in a form of a fluoride, fluoride ion conductivity is 1×10−4 S/cm or more at 200° C.