Fluoride Ion Battery LiF Buffer Layer Short Circuit Prevention
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Solution Overview
Problem
Fluoride ion batteries with a simple structure are prone to short circuits due to uneven defluorination reactions, which can lead to dendrite formation and electrical shorts.
Innovation Solution
A fluoride ion battery design featuring an electrode layer with a first metal element or carbon capable of fluorination and defluorination, a solid electrolyte layer with a second metal element having lower fluorination and defluorination potentials, and an anode current collector, where at least one of the solid electrolyte layer or anode current collector includes Pb, Sn, In, Bi, or Sb, or their alloys, eliminating the need for an anode active material layer between the solid electrolyte and anode current collector.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If a simple structure fluoride ion battery is used to reduce cost, then manufacturing cost decreases, but short circuit occurrence increases due to uneven defluorination reactions
Solution Approach 1:
A LiF buffer layer is introduced between the solid electrolyte layer and the anode current collector. This intermediary layer mediates the defluorination reaction by providing a controlled interface that prevents direct contact between the solid electrolyte and current collector, thereby suppressing dendrite formation and short circuits while maintaining the simplified battery structure
Solution Approach 2:
The LiF buffer layer is formed in advance before the battery operates. This preliminary action of creating a stable interface layer prevents uneven defluorination reactions and dendrite growth during subsequent charging cycles, ensuring reliable operation without requiring complex additional structures
2Device complexity
If an anode active material layer is eliminated to simplify structure, then device complexity decreases, but short circuit risk increases due to direct contact between solid electrolyte and current collector
Solution Approach 1:
The LiF buffer layer serves as a necessary intermediary that replaces the traditional anode active material layer's protective function. It provides a controlled interface that prevents direct contact between the solid electrolyte and current collector, eliminating short circuit risks while maintaining structural simplicity with only essential components
3Ease of manufacture
If the solid electrolyte layer directly contacts the anode current collector, then manufacturing process simplifies, but uneven defluorination reactions occur leading to dendrite formation
Solution Approach 1:
The LiF buffer layer acts as a mediating interface that ensures uniform defluorination reactions. By providing a controlled surface between the solid electrolyte and current collector, it distributes the reaction evenly and prevents localized dendrite formation, maintaining manufacturing simplicity while improving reaction uniformity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration suppresses short circuits by ensuring even defluorination reactions and reduces the number of battery components, thereby lowering costs and increasing energy density.
Implementation Method 1
the solid electrolyte layer and an anode current collector, in this order; and an anode active material layer being not present between the solid electrolyte layer and the anode current collector
Implementation Method 2
an electrode layer that includes a first metal element or a carbon element and has capability of fluorination and defluorination
Data Source
AI summary
A fluoride ion battery in which an occurrence of a short circuit is suppressed achieves the object by providing a fluoride ion battery including: an electrode layer that includes a first metal element or a carbon element and has capability of fluorination and defluorination; a solid electrolyte layer containing a solid electrolyte material, the solid electrolyte material including a second metal element with lower fluorination potential and defluorination potential than the potentials of the first metal element or the carbon element; and an anode current collector, in this order; and an anode active material layer being not present between the solid electrolyte layer and the anode current collector; and at least one of the solid electrolyte layer and the anode current collector includes a simple substance of Pb, Sn, In, Bi, or Sb, or an alloy containing one or more of these metal elements.