Fluorinated Aromatic Working Fluids for Non-Flammable Heat Transfer
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a need for environmentally friendly working fluids that offer non-flammability, high boiling points, wide liquid ranges, low dielectric constants, and low global warming potentials for applications such as heat transfer and thermal management, while being cost-effective to manufacture.
Innovation Solution
Development of fluorinated aromatic compounds with specific structural formulas that include fluoroalkenyl groups and catenated heteroatoms, prepared through nucleophilic displacement reactions, which can be used as major components in working fluids.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If conventional working fluids are used, then cost-effective manufacturing is achieved, but environmental impact and flammability issues arise
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical structure of aromatic compounds by introducing fluorinated alkyl groups with specific carbon chain lengths (C1-C10) and fluorine substitution patterns. This parameter change in molecular structure achieves non-flammability and reduced environmental impact while maintaining cost-effective synthesis through established nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates composite molecular structures combining aromatic cores (benzene, naphthalene, anthracene rings) with fluorinated alkyl side chains. This composite approach integrates the stability of aromatic systems with the fire-resistant and environmentally benign properties of fluorinated groups, achieving multiple performance goals simultaneously
2Temperature
If working fluids with high boiling points are developed, then high-temperature applications are enabled, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent systematically varies the carbon chain length (C1-C10) and fluorine substitution patterns in alkyl groups attached to aromatic cores to tune boiling points for high-temperature applications. This parameter optimization achieves desired thermal properties while maintaining relatively simple manufacturing processes
Solution Approach 2:
The molecular structure is segmented into distinct functional modules: aromatic core units (providing structural stability) and fluorinated alkyl side chains (providing thermal property tuning). This segmentation allows independent optimization of each module to achieve high boiling points without proportionally increasing manufacturing complexity
3Object-affected harmful factors
If fluorinated aromatic compounds with specific structures are synthesized, then non-flammability and low global warming potential are achieved, but synthesis complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions where fluorinated alkyl groups serve as intermediary structures that can be systematically attached to aromatic cores. This intermediary approach enables controlled synthesis of diverse fluorinated aromatics with low global warming potential while managing synthesis complexity through well-established reaction mechanisms
Solution Approach 2:
The invention develops a universal synthetic platform using nucleophilic aromatic substitution that can produce multiple fluorinated aromatic compounds with different thermal and environmental properties from common starting materials. This multi-functional approach reduces overall synthesis complexity by reusing reaction protocols across different target molecules
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus for heat transfer includes a device and a mechanism for transferring heat to or from the device. The mechanism includes a working fluid that includes a fluorinated aromatic compound having structural formula (I): where Q is a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom; G is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; each R1 is, independently, a fluoroalkenyl group having 2 to 11 carbon atoms and optionally comprises one or more catenated heteroatoms; each R2 is, independently, (i) a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; or (ii) a fluoroalkyl group or a fluoroalkenyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms and optionally comprises one or more catenated heteroatoms; each R3 is, independently, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; x is 1-3; a is 1-2; y is 1-5; when Q is a carbon atom, z=6-y-a; and when Q is a nitrogen atom, z=5-y-a.