Trans-1233zd/1234ze Personal Care Emulsions for Controlled Foam
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing personal care formulations suffer from rapid foaming, poor spreadability, inadequate active ingredient penetration, unattractive appearance, and reliance on costly sensates for cooling sensation, with stability under pressure being a significant challenge.
Innovation Solution
Utilizing trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd(E)) and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropene (1234ze(E)) as foam forming components in a stable oil-in-water emulsion, with specific ratios and emulsifiers, to form foams like sherbet or ice cream foam upon dispensing, providing immediate and long-lasting cooling without sensates.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If traditional volatile hydrocarbons are used to form foam in post-foam applications, then foam is generated, but the foam forms too quickly after application which negates the ability of the formulation to spread on the skin or hair
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physical and chemical parameters of the foam-forming components by using specific fluorinated hydrocarbons (1233zd(E) and 1234ze(E)) with controlled volatility and foam-forming characteristics. These components are formulated at specific concentrations (1233zd(E): 5-30%, 1234ze(E): 5-30%) to achieve slower, more controlled foam formation that allows adequate spreadability while still providing effective foaming action.
2Reliability
If traditional formulations are used to provide cooling sensation via sensates, then cooling effect is achieved, but the cost is relatively high and there is risk of allergic reactions and longer-lasting side effects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the need for traditional sensate ingredients by utilizing the inherent evaporative cooling properties of the fluorinated hydrocarbon foam-forming components. The evaporation of 1233zd(E) and 1234ze(E) from the skin surface provides a natural cooling sensation without requiring additional sensate additives, thereby reducing cost and eliminating allergic reaction risks associated with traditional sensates.
3Ease of operation
If traditional formulations are used, then foam is produced, but the look and initial sensation on the skin/scalp appears drippy, soggy and unattractive
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a composite foam-forming system using a specific combination of fluorinated hydrocarbons (1233zd(E) and 1234ze(E)) with carefully controlled ratios. This composite approach creates a foam with optimized physical properties including faster evaporation rate, reduced drip-sogginess, and improved aesthetic appearance while maintaining effective foam formation. The specific trans-isomer configuration of both components contributes to the desired foam characteristics.
4Ease of operation
If prior post-foam formulations are used, then foam is generated, but the ability to penetrate into the pores of the skin is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the penetration capability by selecting fluorinated hydrocarbons with specific molecular weights, volatility, and lipophilicity parameters. The 1233zd(E) and 1234ze(E) components are formulated to optimize the balance between foam stability and skin penetration, allowing active ingredients to be delivered more effectively into the skin pores while maintaining adequate foam performance on the skin surface.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enhances user satisfaction with improved stability, immediate cooling sensation, long-lasting cooling effect, and enhanced active ingredient penetration, while avoiding the drawbacks of traditional formulations.
Implementation Method 1
foaming said gel, lotion or cream during delivery and/or while in contact with the skin, hair and/or mucous membrane by evaporating said 1233zd(E) and said 1234ze(E) from said gel, lotion or cream
Implementation Method 2
providing the user with a cooling sensation that is apparent essentially immediately upon application and that is long lasting
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are personal care methods and compositions in the form of a stable oil-in-water emulsion comprising: (i) a continuous aqueous phase comprising water; (ii) a discontinuous phase comprising foam forming component(s), trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd(E)) and trans-1-3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze(E)), wherein said 1233zd(E) and said 1234ze(E) together comprise from about 40% to about 60% by weight of said personal care composition and are present in a trans1233zd:trans1234ze weight ratio of from about 8:1 to about 8:1; (iii) an emulsifier having an HLB value of from about 7 to about 18 and which may be present in the continuous and/or discontinuous phase; and (iv) one or more active ingredients which may be present in the continuous and/or discontinuous phase.