Fluorinated Alcohol Electrolytes for Non-Corrosive Mg Batteries

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Solution Overview

Problem

Developing high-performance, non-toxic, and cost-effective electrolytes for magnesium (Mg) batteries that are chemically compatible with electrodes and battery components, while overcoming the challenges of anodic stability and corrosiveness of existing Mg electrolytes.

Innovation Solution

Design and synthesis of novel alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, such as Mg-FPB and Mg-FPA, which are synthesized from commercially available reagents and demonstrate improved electrochemical performance and stability, including high Coulombic efficiency and anodic stability, suitable for use in Mg ion batteries and other applications.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If Grignard reagents and chloride salts of magnesium are used as electrolytes, then high ionic conductivity is achieved, but corrosiveness to metallic current collectors and battery components occurs

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveionic conductivityVSAvoidcorrosiveness

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the electrolyte by using fluorinated carbonates (EC, PC, FC) instead of traditional chlorinated solvents, and employs magnesium salts with non-coordinating anions (BF4-, PF6-, CF3SO3-) to achieve high ionic conductivity while eliminating corrosiveness to aluminum current collectors and other battery components

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The electrolyte is formulated as a composite system combining fluorinated carbonate solvents with specific magnesium salts, creating a material that simultaneously provides high ionic conductivity and chemical stability, resolving the contradiction between performance and corrosiveness

Inventive Principle:

Principle #40Composite materials

2Object-generated harmful factors

If Mg(BH4)2 is used as electrolyte, then non-nucleophilic and Cl-free properties are achieved, but anodic stability is limited to only 1.7 V vs Mg

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvenucleophilic characterVSAvoidanodic stability

Core Design Contradiction:

Object-generated harmful factorsVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the electrolyte composition by introducing fluorinated carbonates and magnesium salts with non-coordinating anions (BF4-, PF6-, CF3SO3-), which increases the anodic stability from 1.7 V to greater than 3.0 V vs Mg while maintaining non-nucleophilic characteristics

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

3Object-generated harmful factors

If Mg(CB11H12)2 is used as electrolyte, then non-nucleophilic and Cl-free properties are achieved, but preparation cost is expensive and synthesis is non-facile

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvenucleophilic characterVSAvoidpreparation simplicity

Core Design Contradiction:

Object-generated harmful factorsVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces expensive and difficult-to-synthesize Mg(CB11H12)2 with commercially available magnesium salts (Mg(BF4)2, Mg(PF6)2, Mg(CF3SO3)2) combined with fluorinated carbonates, achieving the same non-nucleophilic performance at lower cost and with simpler preparation procedures

Inventive Principle:

Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The electrolyte system is changed to use fluorinated carbonate solvents with standard magnesium salts, maintaining the desired chemical properties while dramatically improving ease of manufacture and reducing cost

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

4Object-generated harmful factors

If Mg(PF6)2 is used as electrolyte, then non-nucleophilic and Cl-free properties are achieved, but electrochemical performance is poor

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvenucleophilic characterVSAvoidelectrochemical performance

Core Design Contradiction:

Object-generated harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a composite electrolyte system combining fluorinated carbonate solvents (EC, PC, FC) with magnesium salts having non-coordinating anions, achieving both non-nucleophilic properties and high electrochemical performance with Coulombic efficiency greater than 99% and stable voltage plateaus

Inventive Principle:

Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The novel electrolytes exhibit enhanced electrochemical performance with 95% Coulombic efficiency and anodic stability greater than 4.0 V, supporting the development of reliable Mg ion batteries with improved performance and longevity, including successful applications in Mg/V2O5 and Mg/MnO2 batteries.

Implementation Method 1

Disclosed herein are compounds and compositions for electrolytes based on bidentate and monodentate fluorinated alcohols

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectIonic conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 2

the electrochemical performance has been remarkably improved

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectRedox reactions: Redox Reactions

Data Source

PatentUS11929462B2Stable, non-corrosive electrolyte with high performance for rechargeable ion batteries

Publication Date: 2024.03.12 UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY

AI summary

Described herein are compounds and compositions for electrolytes based on bidentate and monodentate fluorinated alcohols. Also described are batteries that include the compounds and electrolytes described herein.