Fluorinated Tin Oxide with Dual-Phase Titanium Oxide for Low-Temperature Water-Gas Shift
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current low temperature water-gas shift reaction catalysts, such as Cu/ZnO/Al2O3-based oxides and ceria-based catalysts, face challenges in maintaining high activity and durability, particularly in increasing the reaction rate while maintaining conversion efficiency, which is essential for reducing the need for two-step reactions.
Innovation Solution
A metal complex comprising fluorinated tin oxide with titanium oxide nanorods in a rutile phase and nanoparticles in an anatase phase is developed, where the titanium oxide nanorods are grown on the tin oxide through hydrothermal synthesis using a titanium chloride solution and hydrochloric acid, and the nanoparticles are coated using a sulfuric acid solution, creating a structure that enhances electron drift and oxygen ion shift for improved catalytic activity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If the temperature of the water-gas shift reaction is increased, then the reaction rate is increased, but the conversion rate is decreased
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the catalyst by incorporating fluorinated tin oxide and dual-phase titanium oxide (anatase and rutile phases) in specific ratios. This compositional parameter change enables the catalyst to achieve high reaction rates at low temperatures (200-400°C) while maintaining high conversion rates, resolving the temperature-rate-conversion trade-off
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite catalyst material combining fluorinated tin oxide (SnO2-F) with dual-phase titanium oxide (anatase and rutile). This composite structure leverages the complementary properties of each component: SnO2-F provides high electron drift velocity and oxygen ion absorption, while the dual-phase TiO2 enhances catalytic activity through phase synergism, achieving both high reaction rate and conversion rate simultaneously
2Productivity
If conventional two-step water-gas shift reaction process is used, then conversion rate is maintained, but process complexity and equipment requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the functions of high-temperature and low-temperature shift catalysts into a single catalyst formulation. The fluorinated tin oxide-dual phase titanium oxide composite can simultaneously perform both high-temperature shift (HTS) and low-temperature shift (LTS) functions, eliminating the need for separate reactors and process steps while maintaining high conversion rates
3Productivity
If Cu/ZnO/Al2O3-based oxide catalysts or ceria-based catalysts are used, then catalytic activity is achieved, but durability and stability at low temperatures are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the catalyst's chemical composition by introducing fluorine into the tin oxide lattice and controlling the phase composition and ratio of titanium oxide (anatase and rutile phases). This parameter optimization enhances both the low-temperature catalytic activity and the thermal stability/durability of the catalyst, overcoming the limitations of conventional Cu-based or ceria-based catalysts
Solution Approach 2:
The patent develops a composite catalyst system where fluorinated tin oxide provides structural stability and durability, while dual-phase titanium oxide enhances catalytic activity. The synergistic interaction between these components ensures both high productivity and long-term reliability under low-temperature water-gas shift reaction conditions
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The metal complex effectively increases the reaction rate of the low temperature water-gas shift reaction, maximizing catalytic activity and stability, thus potentially eliminating the need for the conventional two-step reaction process by promoting electron and oxygen ion drift, leading to high performance and stability at temperatures below 300°C.
Implementation Method 1
the titanium oxide nanorods are grown on the tin oxide through hydrothermal synthesis using a titanium chloride solution and hydrochloric acid, and the nanoparticles are coated using a sulfuric acid solution, creating a structure that enhances electron drift and oxygen ion shift for improved catalytic activity
Implementation Method 2
creating a structure that enhances electron drift and oxygen ion shift for improved catalytic activity
Implementation Method 3
the step of growing titanium oxide nanorods in a rutile phase is carried out through hydrothermal synthesis of the tin oxide with a titanium chloride solution, a hydrochloric acid solution, and 4-butyl titanate (C16H36O4Ti) at a temperature in the range of 100°C to 200°C
Data Source
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AI summary
Disclosed is a metal complex including: a tin oxide; titanium oxide nanorods in a rutile phase formed on the tin oxide; and titanium oxide nanoparticles in an anatase phase formed on the titanium oxide nanorods in a rutile phase, and a preparation method thereof, and can be used as a catalyst support in various forms.