Fluorometry System Digital Demodulation Signal-to-Noise Ratio
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing in vitro detection and quantification systems by fluorometry face limitations in increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, which affects the sensitivity and accuracy of analyte detection and quantification.
Innovation Solution
The system employs a digital processing method involving amplitude modulation and demodulation, using a sinusoidal carrier signal and digital/analog conversion, along with photodetectors to generate and process fluorescence and reference signals, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio through coherent demodulation and filtering.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If analog processing is used to analyze signals from photodetectors, then the system structure is simple, but the signal-to-noise ratio is poor and sensitivity is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces analog signal processing with digital signal processing. The photodetector signals are converted to digital form and processed using digital demodulation techniques, including multiplication by reference signals and low-pass filtering, to extract fluorescence information with improved signal-to-noise ratio.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs periodic modulation of the excitation light source and corresponding periodic demodulation of the detected signals. By modulating the excitation source and synchronously demodulating the fluorescence signal at the same frequency, the system achieves frequency-selective detection that improves signal-to-noise ratio while maintaining manageable system complexity.
2Measurement precision
If conventional fluorometry systems are used, then the device structure is straightforward, but the sensitivity and detection accuracy are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The system modulates the excitation light source periodically and performs synchronous demodulation of the fluorescence signal. This periodic modulation approach allows the system to distinguish the fluorescence signal from background noise and interference, thereby improving detection sensitivity without requiring fundamentally new hardware architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a feedback mechanism where the modulated excitation signal serves as a reference for demodulating the detected fluorescence signal. By comparing the detected signal with the known reference signal through multiplication and low-pass filtering, the system accurately extracts fluorescence information while compensating for variations in excitation intensity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the sensitivity of analyte detection and quantification by significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio, leading to more accurate results in fluorometry-based analyses.
Implementation Method 1
light radiation source emitting a main beam in a given wavelength called emission
Implementation Method 2
a first photodetector means designed for providing a first analog detection signal in response to detecting a fluorescence ray emitted by the sample
Implementation Method 3
a first photodetector means designed for providing a first analog detection signal in response to detecting a fluorescence ray
Implementation Method 4
an optical splitter arranged at the output of the radiation source for splitting the main beam into a first sample-energizing beam and a second reference beam
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to a system for the in vitro detection and/or quantification, by fluorometry, of at least one analyte in a sample of fluid constituting a biological material, in particular for an immunological test, including a radiation source, followed by an optical splitter for splitting the main beam into a sample-energizing beam and a reference beam, with a first photodetector means for detecting a fluorescence ray emitted by the sample and a second photodetector means for the reference beam, said system also including a generator outputting a sinusoidal carrier signal and at least one digital demodulation signal, and a digital processing means for processing, by demodulation, the signals from the two photodetector means in order to extract a fluorescence value that is characteristic of the amplitude of the fluorescence ray and a second reference value that is characteristic of the amplitude of the reference beam.