Fluoroscopic Surgical Registration Using Dynamic X-Ray Mapping
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional surgical navigation systems for robotic-assisted surgery, such as in total knee arthroplasty, face challenges including prolonged procedure times due to the need for continuous re-registration of fiducials, desynchronization due to shifting anatomy, and complexity requiring additional training, leading to increased errors and complications.
Innovation Solution
A fluoroscopic imaging system is used to streamline registration by mathematically calculating the relationship between anchor fiducials and patient anatomy through mapping preoperative CT images with contemporaneous x-ray images, allowing for static and dynamic x-ray capture without repositioning, and using position-aware instruments to navigate robotic end effectors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional surgical navigation systems use paired point matching or fiducial markers for registration, then the system can establish initial alignment, but the procedure time is prolonged due to continuous re-registration requirements and the accuracy deteriorates due to shifting anatomy
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical fiducial marker system with an optical tracking system using infrared cameras and reflective markers. This substitution enables automated, continuous tracking of bone landmarks without manual re-registration, maintaining accuracy while reducing procedure time through automatic adaptation to anatomical shifts
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements continuous feedback by using optical cameras to track fiducial markers on bone landmarks in real-time. The tracking system receives continuous position data and automatically updates the registration, eliminating the need for manual re-registration and maintaining accurate alignment throughout the procedure
2Measurement precision
If conventional systems require additional training and complex procedures for registration, then the system can achieve alignment, but the device complexity increases and ease of operation decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs self-service through automated registration where the optical tracking system automatically identifies and tracks fiducial markers without requiring manual intervention or complex user input. The system autonomously maintains alignment by continuously adapting to anatomical changes, eliminating the need for extensive training in manual registration techniques
3Reliability
If conventional navigation systems use fixed markers for registration, then the system can establish initial alignment, but reliability decreases due to desynchronization from shifting anatomy during surgery
Solution Approach 1:
The system transitions from static fixed markers to dynamic tracking by using optical cameras that continuously capture the position of fiducial markers on bone landmarks. This dynamic approach allows the registration system to adapt in real-time to anatomical shifts, maintaining reliable alignment throughout the procedure despite changes in anatomical position
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach reduces surgical time, minimizes errors, and enhances registration accuracy by maintaining alignment with the patient's anatomy throughout the procedure, thereby improving surgical efficiency and reducing complications.
Implementation Method 1
A fluoroscopic imaging system is used to streamline registration by mathematically calculating the relationship between anchor fiducials and patient anatomy through mapping preoperative CT images with contemporaneous x-ray images
Data Source
AI summary
Methods and systems for x-ray and fluoroscopic image capture and, in particular, to a versatile, multimode imaging system incorporating a hand-held x-ray emitter operative to capture digital or thermal images of a target; a stage operative to capture static x-ray and dynamic fluoroscopic images of the target; a system for the tracking and positioning of the x-ray emission; a device to automatically limit the field of the x-ray emission; and methods of use and use of such systems to register a virtual model of an anatomic structure to the corresponding anatomic structure.