Fluoroscopic Image Rendering With Discrete Vessel Networks
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing medical imaging technologies lack effective methods for rendering convincing fluoroscopic images, particularly in simulated environments for training and entertainment purposes, and do not adequately utilize discrete vessel networks for precise gameplay and training scenarios.
Innovation Solution
A system and method for rendering fluoroscopic images using discrete vessel networks, employing pixel shaders and attenuation calculations to simulate electromagnetic attenuation, combined with post-processing effects, to create realistic and interactive medical training simulations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If discrete vessel networks are used for precise gameplay and training scenarios, then measurement precision and training effectiveness are improved, but device complexity and data processing requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system segments the continuous vessel network into discrete vessels with specific attributes (inner radius, outer radius, centerline position). This segmentation allows for precise representation of anatomical structures while enabling efficient computational processing through discrete element modeling rather than continuous field simulation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transforms geometric vessel data into standardized parameters (inner radius, outer radius, centerline position) that can be efficiently stored and processed. This parameter transformation enables precise training scenarios while reducing computational complexity through dimensionality reduction and standardized data representation.
2Reliability
If realistic fluoroscopic image rendering is implemented, then training realism and educational value are improved, but computational time and processing power requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary calculations of electromagnetic attenuation coefficients and stores pre-computed rendering data for discrete vessels. This allows real-time or near-real-time fluoroscopic image rendering during training scenarios, as the computationally intensive attenuation calculations have already been performed and stored for rapid retrieval and composition.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates simplified 2D projections (fluoroscopic images) that copy the essential visual characteristics of real X-ray fluoroscopy without requiring full 3D volumetric rendering. This copying approach maintains training realism while dramatically reducing computational requirements through dimensionality reduction and selective feature representation.
3Manufacturing precision
If electromagnetic attenuation simulation is performed for accurate image rendering, then image accuracy and training fidelity are improved, but computational complexity and energy consumption increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system applies different electromagnetic attenuation coefficients to different vessel segments based on their local properties (inner radius, outer radius, material composition). This local quality approach ensures accurate rendering where it matters most (within and near vessels) while using simplified models for surrounding tissues, thereby reducing overall computational energy consumption.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts and isolates the most computationally demanding aspect of the simulation (electromagnetic attenuation through discrete vessels) and handles it with specialized algorithms, while other tissues and structures use simplified rendering models. This extraction allows accurate attenuation simulation where needed without the energy cost of comprehensive full-tissue simulation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables realistic and interactive medical training simulations, allowing medical professionals to practice skills in a risk-free environment and providing non-medical professionals with educational and entertaining experiences, while optimizing data usage through discrete vessel network interpolation.
Implementation Method 1
For each mesh, a distance to a front face of the mesh can be multiplied by its attenuation. In addition, for each mesh, a distance to a back face of the mesh can be multiplied by its attenuation.
Data Source
Figure 1A
Figure 1B
Figure 2A
AI summary
Systems and methods are provided for rendering images. Permitted actions can be simulated. A fluoroscopic image can be rendered. The simulated permitted actions can be applied to the fluoroscopic image.