Flush Additive Marking for Oxidation-Exposed Components

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional marking techniques for components like gas turbine parts often fail due to erosion, oxidation, or cause stress risers, leading to weakened structures and non-flush surfaces, which are unsuitable for rigorous operating conditions.

Innovation Solution

The method involves applying a marking material using additive manufacturing techniques, which is then oxidized or tempered to create distinct markings that are durable and visually perceptible, while maintaining a flush surface, using materials like metals or alloys that change color upon oxidation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional marking techniques are used on gas turbine components, then markings can be applied to the surface, but the markings are eroded, masked or destroyed by oxidation under high-temperature operating conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemarking durabilityVSAvoidoxidation erosion
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies oxidation or tempering heat treatment to the marked component, which changes the chemical composition and color of both the substrate and marking material. By carefully controlling the oxidation process, the marking material develops a distinct oxidized color that differs from the oxidized substrate, ensuring the marking remains visible and readable even after heat treatment and oxidation exposure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent converts the harmful oxidation effect into a beneficial marking mechanism. Instead of trying to protect the marking from oxidation, the method embraces oxidation as the marking mechanism itself - the marking material is selected and applied such that its oxidized appearance differs from the oxidized substrate, turning the previously harmful oxidation into the means by which the marking is achieved and maintained

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

2Reliability

If stamping techniques are used to mark components, then markings can be formed on the surface, but stress risers are created which weaken the article

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural integrityVSAvoidstress concentration
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical marking methods (such as stamping, punching, or drilling) with additive manufacturing techniques. The marking material is deposited layer-by-layer to form the marking indicia, which creates a gradual transition in material rather than abrupt mechanical displacement. This eliminates stress risers and maintains the structural integrity of the component while still producing visible, durable markings

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Reliability

If conventional marking techniques are used, then markings can be applied to the surface, but the surface is not sufficiently flush for certain applications

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface qualityVSAvoidsurface flushness
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSShape

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies marking material only in the specific locations where marking indicia are needed, rather than coating the entire surface. The additive manufacturing process allows for precise placement of material to form letters, numbers, or symbols while leaving the surrounding surface untouched. This localized approach maintains the original surface flushness and quality in non-marking areas while creating distinct, readable markings only where required

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances the readability and durability of markings on high-temperature and oxidizing environment-exposed components, reduces structural impairments, and ensures surface flushness, improving the overall performance and reliability of marked articles.

Implementation Method 1

the marking material (108) and the surface material (106) are oxidized or tempered to form an oxidized marking material (204) and an oxidized surface material (200), the oxidized marking material (204) having an oxidized marking indicia (206) distinct from an oxidized surface indicia (202)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation: Oxidation

Data Source

PatentEP3109055B1Methods for marking and marked articles
Publication Date: 2023.07.26 GENERAL ELECTRIC TECH GMBH
  • EP3109055B1 patent drawingFigure 1~4
  • EP3109055B1 patent drawingFigure 5~7
  • EP3109055B1 patent drawingFigure 8~12

AI summary

A method for marking an article (100) is disclosed which includes providing an article (100) including a substrate (102), the substrate (102) including a surface (104) and a surface material (106), and forming a design (110) on the surface (104) of the substrate (102) by applying a marking material (108) to the surface (104) wherein applying the marking material (108) includes an additive manufacturing technique. Another method for marking an article (100) further includes the surface (104) having a first surface (500) and second surface (502), the second surface (502) defining a depression (504) relative to the first surface (500), and forming a design (110) on the surface (104) of the substrate (102) by applying a marking material (108) to the second surface (502), the marking material (108) forming a marking surface (600) which is substantially flush with the first surface (500). The marked article (100) formed by the methods includes a microstructure derived from the additive manufacturing technique.