Flux Loop Switching for Accurate Superconducting Current Polarity Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing superconducting circuit technologies face challenges in accurately determining the polarity of control currents, leading to inefficiencies and noise-induced distortions in current direction measurements.

Innovation Solution

A flux switch system utilizing Josephson junctions and flux loops, where an interrogation pulse is used to differentiate between current polarities by triggering output pulses only in response to a specific polarity of the input current, thereby providing a robust method for determining current direction without relying on biased Josephson junctions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Extent of automation

If control currents are used to control data states in superconducting circuits, then the ability to control data is improved, but the ability to determine current polarity accurately deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata control capabilityVSAvoidcurrent polarity determination accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Extent of automationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an intermediary flux loop system with Josephson junctions that mediates between the control current and the measurement system. The flux loop converts the control current polarity into a flux state that can be accurately detected, solving the contradiction by adding a transformation stage rather than directly measuring the control current

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the measurement parameter from direct current polarity detection to flux state detection via Josephson junction triggering. By transforming the measurement into a different physical domain (current → flux → junction triggering), the system achieves accurate polarity determination while maintaining data control functionality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If additional circuits are implemented to query the sign of control current, then the ability to determine current direction is improved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecurrent direction determination accuracyVSAvoidcircuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the control current path with the measurement path by using the same flux loop for both purposes. The flux loop serves dual functionality: it responds to control currents for data manipulation and simultaneously provides the measurement signal for polarity determination, eliminating the need for separate query circuits

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The flux loop system is designed with multi-functionality, serving both as a control element and a measurement element. The Josephson junction-based flux loop can be controlled by input currents and simultaneously provides output signals that indicate current polarity, reducing overall circuit complexity through functional integration

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Measurement precision

If biased Josephson junctions are used to detect current polarity, then the measurement precision is improved, but the noise interference increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepolarity detection accuracyVSAvoidnoise interference
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses periodic interrogation pulses to probe the flux loop state rather than continuous biasing. This periodic action allows the system to sample the current polarity at discrete moments, reducing noise accumulation while maintaining detection accuracy through time-resolved measurement

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system effectively indicates current direction with improved operating margins and reduced noise interference, utilizing the full input current range and maintaining signal fidelity in superconducting circuits.

Implementation Method 1

Each of the flux loops includes a Josephson junction configured to trigger to generate an output pulse in response to a first polarity of the input current and to not trigger to generate no output pulse in response to a second polarity of the input current opposite the first polarity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJosephson effect: Josephson Effect

Implementation Method 2

currents can be inductively provided to superconducting circuits via inductive couplings to induce a flux in control loops to control data

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP4089921A1Flux switch system
Publication Date: 2022.11.16 NORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMS CORP
  • EP4089921A1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP4089921A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4089921A1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

A flux switch system is disclosed. The system (50) includes an input stage (52) configured to provide an interrogation pulse. The system also includes a plurality of flux loops (62, 64) configured to receive an input current (IIN). Each of the flux loops includes a Josephson junction (J1, J2) configured to trigger to generate an output pulse in response to a first polarity of the input current and to not trigger to generate no output pulse in response to a second polarity of the input current opposite the first polarity. The system further includes an output stage (54) configured to propagate the output pulse to an output (INTout) of the flux switch system.