Class C Fly Ash Cementitious Mixture for Fence Post Anchoring

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Solution Overview

Problem

The disposal of industrial waste products such as fly ash, bottom ash, economizer ash, steel slag, and cement kiln dust, which are rich in calcium, alumina, and silica, poses significant challenges due to their varying chemical content and particle size, and existing methods lack commercially viable solutions that utilize these materials effectively.

Innovation Solution

A cementitious mixture comprising 100% recycled materials, primarily class C fly ash combined with other industrial waste products like bottom ash or economizer ash, which hardens upon addition of water without requiring additional cement or aggregate, allowing for secure anchoring of structural elements like fence posts in the ground.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of substance

If industrial waste products (fly ash, bottom ash, economizer ash) are disposed of using conventional methods, then disposal problems are addressed, but the materials lack commercial viability and effective utilization

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewaste disposalVSAvoidcommercial viability
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of substanceVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts industrial waste products (fly ash, bottom ash, economizer ash) that were previously considered harmful and difficult to dispose of into useful cementitious materials. By utilizing the calcium, alumina, and silica content in these waste products, the invention creates a commercially viable cementitious mixture that hardens upon water addition, transforming waste disposal problems into a beneficial construction material solution.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the physical and chemical parameters of industrial waste products by controlling their particle size and chemical composition ratios. By adjusting these parameters, the waste materials are transformed into a cohesive cementitious mixture with proper hardening properties, enabling commercial viability and effective utilization in construction applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Strength

If conventional cement and aggregate are used for anchoring structural elements, then strong bonding is achieved, but cost and environmental impact increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebonding strengthVSAvoidcost effectiveness
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces expensive Portland cement with cheaper industrial waste products (fly ash, bottom ash, economizer ash) that can be obtained at low or no cost. These waste materials serve as the binding agent in the cementitious mixture, providing sufficient bonding strength for anchoring structural elements while significantly reducing material costs and environmental impact.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite cementitious material by combining multiple industrial waste products (fly ash, bottom ash, economizer ash) in specific ratios. This composite mixture leverages the complementary chemical properties of each waste material to achieve strong bonding performance comparable to conventional cement, while maintaining cost effectiveness and environmental benefits.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Loss of substance

If industrial waste products are used to form cementitious mixtures, then waste disposal and cost effectiveness are improved, but the varying chemical content and particle size present challenges

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewaste utilizationVSAvoidchemical composition consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of substanceVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the cementitious mixture into distinct components (fly ash, bottom ash, economizer ash) with specific target composition ranges. By controlling the proportion of each segment and managing their individual particle size distributions, the invention achieves consistent overall mixture properties despite the varying characteristics of individual waste materials.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent systematically adjusts chemical composition parameters and particle size distributions of the waste materials to achieve consistent mixture properties. By controlling these parameters during mixing, the invention overcomes the variability inherent in industrial waste products and produces a uniform cementitious mixture with reliable hardening characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The mixture provides a cost-effective, environmentally friendly solution for waste disposal by forming a strong, cementitious bond without the need for Portland cement, effectively securing structural elements while minimizing waste disposal concerns.

Implementation Method 1

Class C fly ash typically contains between 70% and 50% by weight of silica, alumina and ferric oxides. Class C fly ash is usually high in calcium and is produced as a by-product of the combustion of lignite or subbituminous coal.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical reaction: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 2

Class F fly ash has non-hardening properties due to its pozzolanic mineralogy. Class F fly ash typically contains more than 70% by weight of silica, alumina, and ferric oxides.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPozzolanic reaction: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 3

Bottom ash in combination with class C fly ash can form chemical bonds that quickly unite and harden.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical bonding: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 4

The mixture is comprised of 100% recycled material and is used to anchor structural elements such as a fence post or the like in the ground.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydration reaction: Mineral Hydration

Data Source

PatentUS7658796B2Cementitious mixtures and methods of use thereof
Publication Date: 2010.02.09 EM RESOURCES LLC

AI summary

A cementitious mixture that is comprised of class C fly ash and other industrial waste product such as either bottom ash or economizer ash. The mixture is preferably 15-35% weight class C fly ash based on the total weight of the mixture. The mixture excludes Portland cement, or other similar cement products. The dry mixture is placed in a desired location or form. Water is then added to the mixture when desired in order to harden the mixture in place. The cementitious mixture is particularly useful for securing fence posts, or the like, in the earth as the workability of the mixture is maintained by adding the water to the mixture only after the position has been properly plumbed and placed in the hole. The cementitious mixture thus provides an inexpensive alternative to standard blended cement products, and provides a convenient and effective way of securing fence posts to the earth.