FMDV-E2 Fusion Protein Vaccine for Long-Lasting Immunity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current vaccines against Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) are not effective in providing long-term immunity and pose safety concerns due to incomplete inactivation and risks of virus escape during production, necessitating frequent booster injections and strict manufacturing controls.
Innovation Solution
Development of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an FMDV-E2 fusion protein, where E2 is dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, which is used to create a vaccine that elicits a protective immune response without the risks associated with inactivated virus vaccines, by forming particles resembling natural FMDV virions for enhanced immunogenicity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Duration of action of moving object
If inactivated virus vaccines are used, then immunity is provided, but long-term immunity is not achieved and frequent booster injections are required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the fundamental parameter of the vaccine composition from inactivated whole virus to recombinant fusion proteins (FMDV capsid proteins VP1, VP2, VP3 fused to E2 scaffold). This parameter change enables the vaccine to induce long-lasting immunity without requiring frequent boosters, directly resolving the contradiction between immunity duration and booster frequency
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite fusion proteins by combining FMDV capsid proteins (VP1, VP2, or VP3) with the E2 protein scaffold from Geobacillus stearothermophilus. This composite structure presents multiple epitopes in a stable, immunogenic format that elicits strong and lasting immune responses, eliminating the need for frequent booster injections
2Reliability
If inactivated virus vaccines are used, then vaccination is achieved, but safety concerns arise due to incomplete inactivation and virus escape risks
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts only the essential immunogenic components (capsid proteins VP1, VP2, or VP3) from the complete FMDV particle and presents them as fusion proteins on the E2 scaffold. This extraction eliminates the viral genome and other harmful viral elements while retaining the protective antigens, thereby ensuring safety by removing the source of potential virus escape
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a safe copy of the FMDV capsid proteins fused to the E2 scaffold, which mimics the immunogenic properties of the natural virus without containing the actual viral genetic material. This copying approach allows the vaccine to induce immunity while being inherently safe from virus escape risks
3Productivity
If inactivated virus vaccines are used, then vaccination coverage is achieved, but manufacturing complexity increases due to strict controls required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the complex mechanical and chemical inactivation process with a recombinant protein expression system. Instead of using physical/chemical methods to inactivate whole virus (which require strict controls), the vaccine is produced by expressing fusion proteins in heterologous host cells, simplifying the manufacturing process and reducing control requirements while maintaining high vaccination coverage
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention encompasses FMDV vaccines or compositions. The vaccine or composition may be a vaccine or composition containing FMDV antigens. The invention also encompasses recombinant vectors encoding and expressing FMDV antigens, epitopes or immunogens which can be used to protect animals, in particular ovines, bovines, caprines, or swines, against FMDV. The invention further encompasses methods of making or producing antigenic polypeptides or antigens.