Foam-like Coating for Ceramic Blade Stress Distribution

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Solution Overview

Problem

Ceramic components in gas turbine engines face issues with undue stress and potential cracking at the interface with metallic components due to undesired loading, which existing joining methods fail to adequately address.

Innovation Solution

A ceramic blade assembly with a foam-like coating, typically made of porous metal or ceramic materials, is used to absorb and distribute loads, featuring a porosity of 5-10% and a thickness of up to 127 micrometers, with intersecting filaments creating a flexible layer that adheres to both the ceramic root and rotor slot to prevent cracking.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a ceramic blade is directly retained within a metallic rotor slot, then the interface is simple and direct, but undesired loading occurs at the interface causing stress concentrations and potential cracking

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinterface reliabilityVSAvoidceramic root strength
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

A foam-like coating is introduced as an intermediary layer between the ceramic blade root and the metallic rotor slot. This coating acts as a stress-distributing mediator that prevents direct point contact and undesired loading concentrations at the interface, thereby protecting the ceramic root from cracking while maintaining reliable load transfer.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The foam-like coating utilizes a porous material structure with controlled porosity (5-10%). The porous nature allows the coating to be compliant and flexible, enabling it to conform to the rotor slot geometry and distribute loads evenly across the interface, preventing stress concentrations that would occur with rigid direct contact.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

2Reliability

If a foam-like coating is added to the ceramic blade root, then stress concentrations are reduced and cracking is prevented, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinterface reliabilityVSAvoidblade assembly complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The foam-like coating functions as a thin, flexible protective layer applied to the ceramic blade root. This flexible coating can conform to the rotor slot geometry and distribute loads evenly, providing stress relief and cracking prevention while adding minimal structural complexity to the overall blade assembly.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Solution Approach 2:

The foam-like coating's porosity is carefully controlled within a specific range (5-10%) to optimize its mechanical properties. By adjusting the porosity parameter, the coating achieves the right balance between compliance for stress distribution and structural integrity for load bearing, resolving the contradiction between reliability improvement and complexity increase.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Adaptability or versatility

If the foam-like coating has high porosity to provide flexibility, then compliance and stress distribution improve, but the coating strength decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating complianceVSAvoidcoating strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The porosity of the foam-like coating is precisely controlled within a narrow range of 5-10%. This parameter optimization ensures the coating has sufficient compliance to distribute stresses evenly at the interface while maintaining adequate structural strength to bear operational loads, resolving the trade-off between adaptability and strength.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The foam-like coating effectively transfers forces without cracking the ceramic surface, providing a compliant interface that reduces stress concentrations and enhances the durability of ceramic components in gas turbine engines.

Implementation Method 1

the foam-like coating has a porosity of 5-10%

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPorosity: Porosity

Implementation Method 2

the foam-like coating is configured to flex in response to the force

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElasticity: Elasticity

Implementation Method 3

the foam-like coating is configured to transfer a force from a high point on the rotor slot to the ceramic root without cracking a surface of the rotor with which the foam-like coating is in engagement

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElastic deformation: Elasticity

Data Source

PatentEP3060695B1Ceramic attachment configuration and method for manufacturing same
Publication Date: 2019.12.11 UNITED TECH CORP
  • EP3060695B1 patent drawingFigure 1~6

AI summary

A component assembly includes a support structure, a ceramic substrate mounted to the support, and a foam-like coating adhered to one of the support structure and the ceramic substrate. The foam-like coating engages the other of the support structure and the ceramic substrate.