Method for making light-blocking decorative articles

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for creating light-blocking decorative articles, such as blackout curtains, require multiple coating operations, are costly, and can result in fugitive carbon black contamination during handling, while also being inefficient in terms of manufacturing productivity and material usage.

Innovation Solution

A method involving a single-pass, in-line process where a decorative fabric is coated with an aqueous foamed opacifying composition on its back side, dried, and then laminated with a non-woven fabric, followed by densification of the foamed layer to achieve the desired light-blocking properties without the need for additional adhesive layers or handling steps.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If multiple coating operations are used to create light-blocking articles, then light-blocking performance is improved, but manufacturing complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelight-blocking performanceVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple coating operations into a single coating step by using a multi-layer foam structure applied in one pass. The foam contains both light-scattering particles (white) and light-absorbing particles (black) distributed in different layers, achieving the light-blocking effect of multiple coatings through a single application process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention uses a composite foam material containing both light-scattering particles (such as titanium dioxide or clay) and light-absorbing particles (such as carbon black) distributed in different layers. This composite structure within the foam allows a single coating to provide the light-blocking performance that previously required multiple separate coating operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If carbon black is used in the middle layer for light absorption, then light-blocking performance is improved, but contamination during handling increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelight-blocking performanceVSAvoidcarbon black contamination
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent nests the light-absorbing black layer containing carbon black between two light-scattering white layers in the foam structure. This nested arrangement protects the carbon black from direct exposure and potential contamination during handling, while still maintaining its light-absorbing function for effective light-blocking performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

3Reliability

If thick foam coatings are used to achieve light-blocking, then light-blocking performance is improved, but material usage and weight increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelight-blocking performanceVSAvoidfoam material usage
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The invention uses a composite foam containing both light-scattering particles (titanium dioxide, clay) and light-absorbing particles (carbon black) distributed in different layers. This composite structure maximizes light-blocking efficiency per unit thickness, reducing the total foam material needed compared to using light-scattering particles alone.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different particle types in different layers of the foam: light-scattering particles in the outer layers and light-absorbing particles in the middle layer. This local differentiation optimizes the light-blocking function at each stage of light interaction, achieving effective blackout with reduced overall material thickness and quantity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

4Reliability

If multiple separate coating operations are performed, then light-blocking performance is improved, but manufacturing productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelight-blocking performanceVSAvoidmanufacturing productivity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple coating operations into a single coating process by applying a multi-layer foam structure in one pass. The foam is applied to the fabric substrate in a single operation, eliminating the need for multiple separate coating steps and associated drying/curing cycles, thereby significantly improving manufacturing productivity while maintaining light-blocking performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach simplifies the manufacturing process, reduces costs, and prevents carbon black contamination, while providing effective light-blocking and decorative properties in a single, durable, and aesthetically pleasing product.

Implementation Method 1

Light colored blackout coatings theoretically can be made by coating porous fabrics with light colored foams containing light scattering pigments such as titanium dioxide or clays

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight scattering: Scattering

Implementation Method 2

a light-absorbing, foamed black or grey pigment, such as a carbon black between two foamed light scattering, white pigment-containing layers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 3

densifying the resulting dry foamed opacifying layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCompression: Compression

Implementation Method 4

drying, lamination to a non-woven fabric, and densifying the resulting dry foamed opacifying layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Data Source

PatentUS11181247B2Method for making light-blocking decorative articles
Publication Date: 2021.11.23 EASTMAN KODAK CO

AI summary

Laminated light-blocking decorative articles are prepared by applying an aqueous foamed opacifying composition to a decorative fabric, drying, laminating a non-woven fabric to the resulting dry foamed opacifying layer, and densifying that layer to have a thickness that is at least 20% less than before densifying. This operation can be carried out so that non-woven fabric, decorative fabric, and aqueous foamed opacifying composition are supplied in a single-pass, in-line operation to make any quantity of laminated light-blocking decorative article. The applied aqueous foamed opacifying composition has 35%-70% solids and a foam density of 0.1-0.5 g/cm3. It is composed of (a) porous particles, (b) a binder material, (c) two or more additives comprising at least one foaming surfactant and at least one foam stabilizer, (d) an aqueous medium, and (e) at least 0.0001 weight % of an opacifying colorant that absorbs electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of 380-800 nm.