Aluminum Foil-Wound Rotor Cooling for High-Speed Electric Machines

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Solution Overview

Problem

Copper windings in rotating electrical machines, particularly in high-speed salient-pole rotors, are heavy, limiting rotor speed and efficiency due to mass and electrical resistance, and inefficient in heat management.

Innovation Solution

Replace copper windings with oxidized aluminum foil and use V-shaped spacers for better heat extraction, combined with a conduit network for coolant flow, and secure electrical connections via cold pressure welding.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If copper windings are used in rotor, then electrical conductivity is improved, but mass increases which limits rotor speed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical resistanceVSAvoidrotor mass
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the material parameter from copper to aluminum, which has higher electrical resistance but lower density. This parameter substitution allows achieving lower rotor mass while accepting higher resistance, which is compensated by reduced mass inertia effects at high speeds

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses composite construction by combining aluminum windings with extensive cooling systems (cooling channels, heat sinks, thermal management structures). This composite approach compensates for aluminum's higher resistance through improved thermal management that prevents resistive heating

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Speed

If rotor mass is reduced to increase rotor speed, then rotational speed is improved, but heating increases due to electrical resistance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improve rotor speedVSAvoidwinding temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces cooling media (liquid coolant or gas) as an intermediary between the aluminum windings and the external environment. This intermediary carries heat away from the windings, enabling high-speed operation without excessive temperature rise despite aluminum's higher electrical resistance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs hydraulic or pneumatic cooling systems with channels running through the rotor structure. Coolant flows through these channels to actively remove heat from the windings, enabling sustained high-speed operation without thermal overload

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

3Weight of moving object

If aluminum foil is used instead of copper wire, then mass is reduced and pole filling is improved, but heat extraction becomes more challenging

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepole massVSAvoidheat extraction efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from point-contact wire windings to planar foil windings, adding surface area dimension. This dimensional change provides extensive surface area for heat transfer, compensating for aluminum's lower thermal conductivity compared to copper

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The aluminum foil serves multiple functions simultaneously: it provides electrical conduction, structural support for the winding, and a large surface area for heat transfer. This multi-functionality compensates for aluminum's lower thermal conductivity by using surface area rather than material conductivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Reduces rotor mass and heat generation, enhances rotational speed, and improves thermal management and electrical performance.

Implementation Method 1

said locking wedge being configured to exert pressure on said rotor winding in the direction of said pole body

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure: Pressure Increase

Implementation Method 2

the heat exchange surface between turns is greater with foil, which has a flat surface, than with wire

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 3

The invention also proposes a V-shaped spacer for extracting heat from the foil windings

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat extraction: Heat Sink

Implementation Method 4

the rotor winding of the pole being electrically connected to an electrical power source, via electrical connections

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP4199312B1Foil-wound rotor for electric machines
Publication Date: 2026.05.06 SAFRAN ELECTRICAL & POWER
  • EP4199312B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4199312B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP4199312B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The invention relates to a rotating electrical machine rotor comprising: - a plurality of poles each extending along a first radial axis with respect to the rotor and along a second axis parallel to the rotor with respect to the rotor, each pole comprising a pole body, - a rotor winding per pole, positioned against the pole body, the rotor winding taking the form of a strip extending over the length of said pole body along the first radial axis wound against the pole body, - a plurality of closing wedges, a closing wedge of the plurality of closing wedges being in contact with a rotor winding associated with a pole body, said closing wedge being configured to exert pressure on said rotor winding in the direction of said pole body.