Forced Oscillation Technique for Non-Invasive Pulmonary Blood Pressure Monitoring
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional methods for measuring pulse transit time (PTT) and blood pressure (BP) are invasive, obtrusive, and not suitable for continuous or long-term monitoring, especially in clinical situations like sleep studies, due to the need for cuff-based methods and the limitations of sensors placed on the finger or ear.
Innovation Solution
The use of a forced oscillation technique (FOT) to determine the pulse arrival time at the alveoli of the lungs, allowing for non-invasive and unobtrusive acoustical measurements of PTT, which can be used to continuously monitor pulmonary BP, employing a phonocardiograph or ECG to determine the pulse start time and calculating PTT based on the time difference between the pulse start and arrival times.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If cuff-based methods are used to measure blood pressure, then adequate measurement data can be obtained, but continuous measurement is not possible and the patient is disturbed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical cuff-based measurement system with an acoustic measurement system using FOT. The forced oscillation technique uses acoustic signals to measure pulse transit time to the lungs, eliminating the need for mechanical cuffs and enabling continuous non-invasive monitoring without disturbing the patient.
2Measurement precision
If PPG sensors or medical electrodes are used to measure PTT, then pulse transit time can be measured, but the sensors must be glued to the skin making them inconvenient for long-term monitoring
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces contact-based mechanical sensors (PPG sensors and electrodes) with a non-contact acoustic measurement system. The FOT measures pulse transit time through acoustic oscillations of the respiratory system, eliminating the need for skin-adhered sensors and enabling comfortable long-term monitoring.
3Measurement precision
If conventional PTT measurement methods are used, then blood pressure can be indirectly measured, but the methods are invasive and not suitable for sleep studies
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces invasive mechanical measurement methods with non-invasive acoustic measurement. The FOT technique uses respiratory system acoustic oscillations to detect pulse transit time, providing indirect blood pressure measurement without physical invasion or patient disturbance, making it suitable for sleep studies.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables continuous and non-invasive monitoring of BP in the pulmonary arteries, providing a more suitable method for regular and unobtrusive diagnostic modalities, particularly for applications requiring long-term or home-based monitoring.
Implementation Method 1
using a forced oscillation technique (FOT) to determine a pulse arrival time at alveoli of the lungs of a patient
Data Source
AI summary
Proposed is a Pulse Transit Time, PTT, measurement concept wherein a forced oscillation technique, FOT, is used to determine a pulse arrival time at alveoli of the lungs of a patient.