Formaldehyde-free binder composition

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing binder compositions for textile sheet products, particularly nonwovens, often rely on N-methylolacrylamide units that form formaldehyde during crosslinking, posing toxicological concerns and requiring a reduction in formaldehyde content to produce formaldehyde-free products.

Innovation Solution

An aqueous binder composition is developed through radically initiated polymerization of vinyl acetate and ethylene in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol, with specific weight percentages of acrylamide, methacrylamide, and maleic anhydride, avoiding the use of formaldehyde-releasing substances and catalysts to achieve high wet strength without formaldehyde release.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If N-methylolacrylamide units are used in binder polymers to achieve crosslinking and high strength, then the strength and durability of textile sheet products are improved, but formaldehyde is released during crosslinking which is toxicological concern

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestrength of textile sheet productVSAvoidformaldehyde release
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts and removes the harmful N-methylolacrylamide crosslinking units from the binder polymer composition, replacing them with alternative monomers that do not release formaldehyde. This eliminates the source of formaldehyde release while maintaining the crosslinking functionality through other chemical mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the chemical composition parameters of the binder polymer by specifying alternative monomer units (acrylamide, methacrylamide, carboxylic acid groups) with specific weight percentages. This parameter change transforms the crosslinking mechanism from formaldehyde-based to alternative chemistry-based, eliminating toxicological concerns.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If formaldehyde-releasing initiators such as sodium formaldehyde-sulfoxylate are used in polymerization, then polymerization efficiency is improved, but formaldehyde is incorporated as a concomitant in the final product

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepolymerization efficiencyVSAvoidformaldehyde content in product
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts and removes formaldehyde-releasing initiators from the polymerization process, replacing them with alternative initiating systems that do not incorporate formaldehyde into the polymer structure. This eliminates both the source of formaldehyde release and the incorporation of formaldehyde as a concomitant.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Strength

If crosslinking catalysts are added to enhance binder performance, then the binding strength is improved, but the complexity of the formulation and potential for harmful byproducts increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebinding strengthVSAvoidformulation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts and removes crosslinking catalysts from the binder formulation, achieving crosslinking through inherent chemical reactions of the monomer units (carboxylic acid groups reacting with hydroxyl groups on fibers) rather than requiring external catalysts. This simplifies the formulation while maintaining binding strength.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The binder composition achieves high wet strength for fiber assemblies without the need for crosslinking catalysts and minimizes formaldehyde content, ensuring the production of formaldehyde-free textile sheet products.

Implementation Method 1

obtainable by radically initiated polymerization of vinyl acetate and ethylene

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRadical polymerization: Photopolymerisation

Implementation Method 2

polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSteric stabilization: Surfactant

Implementation Method 3

high wet strength of the fiber assembly even without addition of crosslinking catalyst

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrogen bonding: Chemical Bonding

Data Source

PatentUS20220220646A1Formaldehyde-free binder composition
Publication Date: 2022.07.14 WACKER CHEMIE AG

AI summary

An aqueous binder composition. The aqueous binder composition is obtainable by radically initiated polymerization of vinyl acetate and ethylene, in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol in an aqueous medium, wherein (a) 50 to 94 wt % of vinyl acetate, (b) 5 to 40 wt % of ethylene, (c) 0.2 to 5 wt % of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide, and (d) 0.2 to 5 wt % of maleic anhydride and/or maleic acid are copolymerized in the presence of a polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of 80 to 99 mol %. The amounts in wt % are each based on the total weight of the comonomers and add up in each case to 100 wt %.