Forward Scatter Sensor Double Peak Analysis for Low Intensity Precipitation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing forward scatter sensors for meteorological applications face limitations in accuracy and reliability, particularly at low intensity precipitation events, and are prone to degradation due to environmental conditions and misalignment, which affects their measurement performance.

Innovation Solution

A forward scatter sensor design featuring a line laser transmitter and offset receiver configuration, with a controlled light sheet emission and detection system, optimized for uniform light energy distribution and sensitivity, to enhance detection of precipitation particles and improve measurement accuracy and reliability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Duration of action of stationary object

If a forward scatter sensor is installed outdoors for continuous operation, then it can perform atmospheric and meteorological measurements, but environmental conditions cause gradual soiling and wear of optical components, degrading measurement accuracy and reliability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontinuous operation durationVSAvoidmeasurement accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of stationary objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a self-diagnosis function that performs preliminary checks on optical component conditions before they cause significant degradation. The system monitors transmission intensity and scattering patterns to detect early signs of soiling or misalignment, enabling preventive maintenance before measurement accuracy is compromised.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system incorporates feedback mechanisms that continuously monitor measurement quality and component condition. When degradation is detected through analysis of light transmission characteristics and scattering patterns, the system generates maintenance alerts and can adjust operational parameters to compensate for component deterioration, maintaining reliable measurements over extended periods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Productivity

If a forward scatter sensor operates continuously in field conditions, then it collects meteorological data, but it becomes susceptible to external impacts that affect alignment between transmitter and receiver, compromising measurement performance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata collection capabilityVSAvoidalignment accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses feedback from monitoring the alignment between transmitter and receiver to detect and compensate for misalignment caused by external impacts. By analyzing changes in light transmission intensity and scattering angle measurements, the system can identify alignment deviations and trigger realignment procedures or correction algorithms to maintain measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The sensor incorporates self-diagnosis and self-adjustment capabilities that allow it to detect alignment issues and perform corrections without external intervention. The system automatically monitors its own operational status and can realign optical components or adjust measurement parameters in response to detected misalignment, ensuring continued data collection accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Adaptability or versatility

If a forward scatter sensor uses conventional light beam configuration, then it provides basic visibility and precipitation measurements, but it provides limited capability for detailed analysis of precipitation and limited accuracy at low intensity events

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprecipitation analysis capabilityVSAvoidlow intensity detection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the light detection function into multiple receivers positioned at different angles relative to the transmitter. This segmentation allows the system to capture scattering patterns at multiple angles simultaneously, enabling detailed precipitation particle analysis and improving detection sensitivity for low intensity events by analyzing the combined information from multiple detection zones.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system transitions from conventional single-angle scattering measurement to multi-dimensional measurement by positioning receivers at different angular positions. This dimensional expansion in the angular domain provides richer information about precipitation particle characteristics, enabling detailed analysis and improved accuracy for low intensity precipitation through multi-angle pattern recognition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The design enables accurate and reliable detection of precipitation characteristics, including particle size and type, with improved resistance to environmental degradation and misalignment, leading to enhanced measurement performance and prolonged sensor operation.

Implementation Method 1

The measurements carried out using a forward scatter sensor are based on analysis of the light scattered from particles in the atmosphere

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight scattering: Scattering

Implementation Method 2

a transmitter sends a conical light beam towards a receiver

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight: Light

Data Source

PatentEP3633414B1A forward scatter sensor
Publication Date: 2022.03.02 VAISALA
  • EP3633414B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP3633414B1 patent drawingFigure 2~4
  • EP3633414B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

According to an example embodiment, a forward scatter sensor for precipitation analysis is provided, the forward scatter sensor comprising: a transmitter arranged to emit a single light sheet; a receiver offset from a propagation path of the light sheet and arranged to observe light scattered from particles that fall through a measurement volume defined by an intersection of the propagation path of the light sheet and a field of view of the receiver; and a control entity comprising an analyzer arranged to record a measurement signal that is descriptive of intensity of light captured by the receiver as a function of time, wherein the analyzer is arranged to carry out a precipitation analysis on basis of a time segment of the measurement signal, the analysis comprising: identifying, in said time segment of the measurement signal, one or more double peaks that each represent a respective droplet and comprise a first peak that represents light refracted from the bottom of the respective droplet upon entry to the measurement volume and a second peak that represents light reflected from the top of the respective droplet upon exit from the measurement volume; deriving one or more precipitation parameters based at least in part on the identified one or more double peaks; and deriving one or more precipitation indications based at least in part of the derived one or more precipitation parameters.