Forwarding Table Synchronization Across Switch Pipelines

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Solution Overview

Problem

Distributed network switches face challenges in synchronizing forwarding tables across multiple forwarding pipelines, leading to duplicate learning and refresh operations due to independent operation of each pipeline, which results in inefficiencies and increased bandwidth usage.

Innovation Solution

A method for synchronizing forwarding tables across multiple forwarding pipelines by using a MAC table management component to perform update operations on a 4x4 D-left hash table, ensuring that MAC tables behave as a single logical table, allowing information sharing between pipelines and optimizing updates based on hardware limitations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If each forwarding pipeline maintains its own independent forwarding table, then each pipeline can operate autonomously and process packets independently, but duplicate learning and refresh operations occur across pipelines, leading to increased bandwidth usage and reduced efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepacket processing efficiencyVSAvoidbandwidth usage
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the forwarding table operations across multiple forwarding pipelines by introducing a MAC table management component that coordinates update operations. Instead of each pipeline independently learning and refreshing MAC addresses, the system performs centralized MAC table management that shares learning and refresh operations across all pipelines, thereby reducing duplicate efforts and optimizing bandwidth usage while maintaining autonomous packet processing capabilities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Adaptability or versatility

If each forwarding pipeline maintains its own independent forwarding table, then each pipeline can function independently, but duplicate learning and refresh operations increase system complexity and reduce overall performance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepipeline independenceVSAvoidsynchronization complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a MAC table management component as an intermediary between multiple forwarding pipelines. This mediator coordinates forwarding table update operations across pipelines, managing the synchronization of MAC addresses and reducing duplicate learning and refresh operations. The intermediary enables pipelines to function independently for packet processing while centralizing the complexity of table synchronization, thereby reducing overall system complexity and improving performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Productivity

If forwarding tables are synchronized across multiple pipelines, then duplicate learning operations are reduced, but coordination overhead increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelearning operation efficiencyVSAvoidcoordination overhead time
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements preliminary action by having the MAC table management component proactively manage and coordinate forwarding table updates before pipelines independently process packets. The system performs centralized MAC address learning and refresh operations in advance, distributing the synchronized table information to all pipelines beforehand. This preliminary coordination reduces the need for continuous synchronization during packet processing, thereby reducing coordination overhead time while maintaining learning operation efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP3170289B1Mac table sync scheme with multiple pipelines
Publication Date: 2018.10.10 CISCO TECHNOLOGY INC
  • EP3170289B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3170289B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3170289B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Embodiments provide techniques for synchronizing forwarding tables across forwarding pipelines. One embodiment includes receiving, in a network switch comprising a plurality of forwarding pipelines, a plurality of data packets. Each of the plurality of data packets corresponds to a respective one of the plurality of forwarding pipelines. Each of the plurality of forwarding pipelines maintains a respective forwarding table corresponding to a respective plurality of ports managed by the forwarding pipeline. A plurality of update operations to be performed on the forwarding tables are determined, based on the received plurality of data packets. Embodiments further include performing the plurality of update operations on the forwarding tables, such that the forwarding tables across all forwarding pipelines of the plurality of forwarding pipelines are synchronized.