Four-Zone PTC Electric Heater Using Overlapping Radiating Layers

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing air-conditioning units in electric vehicles are limited to single-zone or dual-zone configurations using high-voltage electric heaters, which are not feasible for providing more than two zones without increasing component count, size, cost, and complexity.

Innovation Solution

A single, integrated high-voltage PTC electric heater with two superimposed radiating layers, each with independently controllable heating zones, where the thermal power generation is imbalanced between sections, allowing for four separate thermal zones by controlling each layer and sector independently.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If two separate dual-zone heaters are used to provide more than two zones, then the number of controllable thermal zones increases, but the component count, dimensions, costs and installation complexity double

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenumber of controllable thermal zonesVSAvoidcomponent count and installation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges two separate dual-zone heaters into a single integrated heater component. The first and second radiating layers are combined in one device, with each layer having two sectors that can be independently controlled. This integration reduces component count while maintaining the capability to provide multiple controllable thermal zones through the four independent heating regions (two layers × two sectors each).

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The single heater is segmented into four independently controllable heating regions through the combination of two radiating layers and two sectors per layer. Each sector can be controlled separately via the control circuitry, enabling multi-zone temperature control without requiring multiple separate heater units. This segmentation allows flexible thermal zone configuration while keeping the overall device compact.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Ease of manufacture

If heating rods have uniform thermal power distribution, then manufacturing is simpler, but the heater cannot provide differentiated thermal output in different sections

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheating rod manufacturing simplicityVSAvoiddifferentiated thermal output capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The heating rods are designed with non-uniform thermal power distribution, where different sections of the same heating rod generate different amounts of heat. This local quality variation allows the heater to provide differentiated thermal output in different sections, enabling more flexible temperature control across the heating area while maintaining a single integrated structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables the creation of multi-zone air-conditioning units with reduced component count, smaller dimensions, lower costs, and improved serviceability by integrating two radiating bodies into a single component with parallel control.

Implementation Method 1

Each heating rod (15, 15') comprises a string of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) elements or thermistors connected in parallel

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Implementation Method 2

Each heating rod (15, 15') comprises a string of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) elements or thermistors connected in parallel

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPositive temperature coefficient effect: Thermistor

Data Source

PatentEP3737208B1Electric heater comprising four independent heating regions
Publication Date: 2021.12.22 DENSO THERMAL SYST SPA
  • EP3737208B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3737208B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

Electric PTC heater for a vehicle, comprising a support part (101) and control circuitry (102), and a first and a second radiating layer (110, 120) that overlap one another, each radiating layer (110, 120) comprising a plurality of heating rods (115, 115'; 125, 125') extending from the support part (101) and connected in parallel with the control circuitry (102). Each radiating layer (110, 120) comprises a first layer sector (A1, C1; A2, C2) and a second layer sector (B1, Dl; B2, D2) that can be controlled independently of one another. The radiating layers (110, 120) can be controlled independently of one another. In the first radiating layer (110), the second section (115b, 115b') of the heating rods (115, 115') is capable of generating greater thermal power than the first section (115a, 115a') of the heating rods (115, 115') and, in the second radiating layer (120), the first section (125a, 125a') of the heating rods (125, 125') is capable of generating greater thermal power than the second section (125b, 125b') of the heating rods (125, 125').