Fractal Patch Antenna with Protruding Coupling Patterns
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Solution Overview
Problem
High-frequency band RF signals used in mmWave communications are prone to absorption and loss, degrading communication quality, requiring specialized antenna designs to maintain gain and effective isotropic radiated power.
Innovation Solution
The antenna apparatus incorporates a patch antenna pattern with electromagnetically coupled coupling patterns that protrude in specific directions, forming a fractal-like structure to reduce electromagnetic bottlenecks and increase efficiency, while a coupling patch pattern and ground plane configuration optimize bandwidth and gain.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional antenna designs are used for high-frequency band communications, then the antenna structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the RF signals are easily absorbed and lost during transmission, degrading communication quality
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna is divided into multiple patch antenna patterns arranged in a specific configuration, with each patch contributing to the overall radiation pattern. This segmentation allows for better control of electromagnetic fields and reduced signal loss through distributed radiation across multiple elements rather than a single concentrated source
Solution Approach 2:
The coupling patterns are positioned within the spatial envelope defined by the patch antenna patterns, creating a nested configuration where smaller coupling elements are embedded in the field regions of larger radiating elements. This nesting optimizes space utilization while enhancing coupling efficiency and reducing losses
2Reliability
If the antenna apparatus uses protruding coupling patterns to reduce electromagnetic bottlenecks, then antenna gain and bandwidth are enhanced, but the structural complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The coupling patterns are designed with asymmetric protrusions that extend in specific directions rather than uniform configurations. This asymmetry is strategically positioned to optimize electromagnetic coupling and field distribution, achieving enhanced gain and bandwidth while maintaining manufacturing feasibility through deliberate directional features rather than complex multi-dimensional variations
Solution Approach 2:
The coupling patterns incorporate protrusions that extend in the vertical dimension (z-direction) in addition to planar features, creating a three-dimensional structure from two-dimensional base patterns. This dimensional transition allows for enhanced electromagnetic performance through vertical field control without requiring complex lateral geometries
3Reliability
If multiple coupling patterns are spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern, then electromagnetic interference is minimized and directivity is improved, but the antenna area increases
Solution Approach 1:
The coupling patterns are positioned to create curved or arc-like field distributions rather than straight-line arrangements. This curvature allows the coupling elements to be spaced apart for reduced interference while maintaining compact overall dimensions through radial or circular positioning strategies that optimize directivity without linear area expansion
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design enhances antenna gain, bandwidth, and directivity, while minimizing electromagnetic interference and allowing for miniaturization, thereby improving communication quality in high-frequency bands.
Implementation Method 1
coupling patterns spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern and spaced apart from each other. At least one of the coupling patterns protrudes in a direction in which the at least one of the coupling patterns is spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern
Data Source
AI summary
An antenna apparatus may include: a feed via; a patch antenna pattern electrically connected to the feed via; and coupling patterns spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern and spaced apart from each other. At least one of the coupling patterns may protrude in a direction in which the at least one of the coupling patterns is spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern.