Fractional AI Inference Capacity Allocation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Distributed AI inferencing platforms face challenges in efficiently allocating user AI workloads across processing units, leading to inconsistent latency and throughput due to varying workload types and resource utilization patterns.

Innovation Solution

The method involves estimating an inference unit (IU) processing load based on the estimated prompt load and generation load of an AI inferencing workload, and then allocating fractional processing capacity of a processing unit to fulfill the workload, allowing for more precise resource allocation and reduced latency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional workload allocation methods are used, then processing units can handle multiple workloads, but latency becomes inconsistent and throughput varies due to noisy neighbors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelatency consistencyVSAvoidthroughput
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments processing units into multiple isolated partitions, each dedicated to handling a specific type of workload (e.g., inference workloads in one partition, training workloads in another). This segmentation prevents noisy neighbors from interfering with each other, ensuring consistent latency for inference workloads while maintaining high throughput through efficient utilization of dedicated resources.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by configuring different partitions with specialized optimizations tailored to their specific workload types. For example, inference partitions may be optimized for low-latency response with specific hardware accelerators, while training partitions may be optimized for high-throughput batch processing. This localized optimization ensures each partition delivers reliable performance for its designated workload while contributing to overall system productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Reliability

If processing units are over-provisioned to ensure consistent latency, then latency becomes predictable, but resource utilization decreases and costs increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelatency predictabilityVSAvoidresource utilization
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic resource allocation within partitioned processing units, allowing the system to adaptively adjust the amount of computing resources allocated to different workloads based on real-time demand. This dynamic approach enables the system to guarantee latency requirements for critical inference workloads while efficiently utilizing remaining capacity for additional workloads, thereby improving overall resource utilization without sacrificing latency predictability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent merges multiple workload types into a single processing unit through partitioning, allowing different workloads to share the same physical hardware while being logically isolated. This merging enables the system to achieve latency predictability for inference workloads by dedicating specific partitions to them, while simultaneously improving resource utilization by filling remaining capacity with complementary workloads such as training or preprocessing tasks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Data Source

PatentUS20250156234A1Fractional processing capacity allocation based on estimated load
Publication Date: 2025.05.15 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC
  • US20250156234A1 patent drawing
  • US20250156234A1 patent drawing
  • US20250156234A1 patent drawing

AI summary

A method for artificial intelligence (AI) inferencing workload allocation includes, at a computing device of a distributed AI inferencing platform, receiving an estimated prompt load and an estimated generation load of an AI inferencing workload to be fulfilled by a processing unit of a computing node of the distributed AI inferencing platform. Based at least in part on the estimated prompt load and the estimated generation load, an inference unit (IU) processing load is estimated, the IU processing load to be applied to the processing unit while fulfilling the AI inferencing workload. Fractional processing capacity of the processing unit is allocated for fulfilling the AI inferencing workload based at least in part on the IU processing load.