3D Fracture Network Model From Acoustic Wellbore Signals

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current deep wave imaging (DWI) methods are limited in accurately detecting the size, scale, and extent of fracture networks, as well as their spatial characteristics, which hinders the creation of detailed three-dimensional models necessary for hydrocarbon exploration and production, particularly in reservoir and fracture modeling workflows.

Innovation Solution

A method and system for generating a three-dimensional fracture network model by processing reflected acoustic signal measurements from sensors in a wellbore, involving fracture extension estimates and intensity thresholds to suppress noise, allowing for more precise characterization and modeling of fracture networks.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Difficulty of detecting and measuring

If deep wave imaging (DWI) data is used to detect fracture presence, then fracture detection capability is improved, but fracture network characterization precision deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefracture detection capabilityVSAvoidfracture network characterization precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Difficulty of detecting and measuringVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the fracture detection and characterization process into multiple stages: initial DWI data acquisition for fracture presence detection, followed by separate acquisition of additional acoustic measurements at multiple frequencies and angles, and finally integrated processing to generate comprehensive 3D fracture network models. This segmentation allows each stage to optimize for its specific purpose while contributing to overall characterization precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from 2D DWI data to 3D fracture network models by acquiring acoustic measurements at multiple frequencies, angles, and spatial locations. This dimensional expansion adds depth, orientation, and spatial distribution information that enables precise characterization of fracture networks while building upon the initial fracture detection capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Loss of information

If three-dimensional models are created from seismic data, then model comprehensiveness is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemodel comprehensivenessVSAvoidfracture characterization precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple types of acoustic measurement data (different frequencies, angles, and spatial locations) with DWI data to create integrated 3D fracture network models. This combination preserves the comprehensive spatial information from seismic data while enhancing fracture characterization precision through the addition of high-resolution acoustic measurements taken from multiple perspectives.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite data model that integrates DWI data, multi-frequency acoustic reflections, and multi-angle measurements. This composite approach combines the advantages of each data type: the broad coverage of seismic DWI data with the high precision of targeted acoustic measurements, resulting in both comprehensive coverage and precise fracture characterization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Adaptability or versatility

If stochastic methods are used to generate three-dimensional models, then model generation flexibility is improved, but solution certainty deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemodel generation flexibilityVSAvoidsolution certainty
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent incorporates iterative feedback loops in the model generation process where initial 3D models are generated, compared against the actual multi-frequency and multi-angle acoustic measurement data, and refined accordingly. This feedback mechanism maintains flexibility in model generation while improving solution certainty by continuously validating and adjusting models against empirical data.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs dynamic model generation that adapts to the specific characteristics of the measured data. Rather than using fixed stochastic algorithms, the system dynamically adjusts model parameters and structures based on the actual fracture patterns detected in the acoustic data, maintaining flexibility while ensuring solutions are grounded in observed evidence for greater certainty.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach provides hydrocarbon operators with enhanced insights into fracture network presence, location, and characteristics, enabling more efficient resource allocation and improved modeling in hydrocarbon exploration and production, while being more readily usable in reservoir and fracture modeling workflows.

Implementation Method 1

transmitting acoustic signals, from a sensor, such as a transducer, disposed in a borehole located within a target region to be evaluated. The acoustic signals transmitted from the transducer generate seismic body waves that radiate away from the borehole

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcoustic wave generation: Acoustics

Implementation Method 2

The acoustic signals transmitted from the transducer generate seismic body waves that radiate away from the borehole and are reflected back to the sensor by the hydrocarbon sources or various earth formations

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcoustic reflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP3660543B1Three-dimensional fracture radius model
Publication Date: 2024.03.13 BAKER HUGHES CO
  • EP3660543B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3660543B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP3660543B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

Systems, methods, and computer-readable medium for generating a three-dimensional fracture network model are provided. The method can include receiving reflected acoustic signal measurements acquired in response to emission of acoustic waves by one or more sensors disposed in a wellbore formed within a target region. Each reflected acoustic signal measurement represents a strength of a reflected acoustic wave as a function of time measured in at least one predetermined direction oriented with respect to an axis of the wellbore. A fracture extension estimate is generated for each of the reflected acoustic signal measurements. A three-dimensional fracture network model is generated corresponding to the fracture extension estimates generated for each of the plurality of reflected acoustic measurements. The generated fracture network model is output for display or use in modeling environments.