Graphics Pipeline Fragment Data Verification Comparator

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Solution Overview

Problem

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) lack fault detection and handling capabilities necessary for functional safety, which can lead to unnoticed errors in displaying safety-relevant information, potentially causing harm to users.

Innovation Solution

An apparatus and method for verifying fragment processing related data, including a comparator unit that checks texture mapping related data against reference data to ensure the integrity and accuracy of safety-relevant information displayed, using checksums and frame buffers to detect any discrepancies.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If GPU performs high-performance parallel processing, then processing speed is improved, but fault detection capability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocessing speedVSAvoidfault detection capability
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the graphics processing pipeline into multiple independent verification stages: vertex data transformation verification, texture mapping verification, fragment processing verification, and output buffer verification. Each stage has dedicated verification logic that operates independently, allowing fault detection without compromising the parallel processing performance of the GPU.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces intermediary verification units between processing stages that act as mediators. These units include vertex data verification logic between the vertex shader and rasterizer, texture verification logic between texture sampling and fragment shader, and buffer verification logic between rendering operations and output. These intermediaries verify data integrity without becoming performance bottlenecks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Device complexity

If GPU lacks fault detection mechanisms, then device complexity is reduced, but reliability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice complexityVSAvoidfunctional safety
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements preliminary verification actions at the beginning of each processing stage. Vertex data integrity is verified before transformation, texture data is validated before sampling, and buffer states are checked before rendering operations. This preliminary verification prevents faulty data from propagating through the pipeline without adding significant complexity to the core processing units.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent establishes feedback mechanisms where verification results from each processing stage are fed back to control subsequent operations. If verification fails at any stage, the system generates error signals that trigger appropriate responses such as rendering alternative content or halting processing, ensuring functional safety without requiring complex redesign of the entire GPU architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentUS11023993B2Apparatus and method for verifying fragment processing related data in graphics pipeline processing
Publication Date: 2021.06.01 NXP USA INC
  • US11023993B2 patent drawing
  • US11023993B2 patent drawing
  • US11023993B2 patent drawing

AI summary

The present application relates to an apparatus for verifying fragment processing related data and a method of operating thereof. The fragment shader unit is coupled to the at least one data buffer. A fragment shader unit of a graphics processing pipeline receives fragment data and records fragment processing related data in the at least one data buffer on processing one or more fragments in accordance with the received fragment data. A comparator unit coupled to the at least one data buffer compares the recorded fragment processing related data in the at least one data buffer to reference data and issues a fault indication signal in case the recorded fragment processing related data and the reference data mismatch.