Freeform Nanostructured Surface for AR/VR Near-Eye Display

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional near-eye displays face challenges in providing wide field of view and efficient diffraction of image light, especially with optical aberrations induced by tilting and decentering of reflective surfaces, and limited efficiency in transverse electric polarized light across the visible spectrum.

Innovation Solution

Incorporation of a freeform nanostructured surface with a meta-grating on the combiner and secondary mirror, featuring a unit cell with meta-atoms of varying length-to-width ratios, which corrects optical aberrations and achieves high diffraction efficiency of at least 50% for transverse electric polarized light across a wide angle of incidence in the visible spectrum.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If conventional reflective surfaces are used in near-eye displays, then the device structure is simple, but optical aberrations are induced by tilting and decentering that degrade image quality

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice structureVSAvoidimage quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies freeform surface technology that modifies the geometric parameters of the reflective surface, transforming it from a conventional flat or simple curved surface to a complex freeform surface with specific mathematical descriptions. This parameter change enables the surface to correct optical aberrations while maintaining structural integration

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The freeform reflective surface introduces asymmetric geometric characteristics to correct the symmetric optical aberrations caused by tilted and decentered optical paths in near-eye displays. The asymmetric surface profile compensates for the asymmetric distortion in the optical system

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

2Device complexity

If conventional diffraction gratings are used, then the device structure is simple, but diffraction efficiency for transverse electric polarized light is limited across the visible spectrum

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegrating structureVSAvoiddiffraction efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs meta-grating structures that combine multiple material layers and nanoscale patterns to achieve superior diffraction performance. The composite structure includes metallic and dielectric materials arranged in specific configurations to enhance transverse electric polarized light diffraction efficiency across the visible spectrum

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The meta-grating applies local quality variations at the nanoscale level, where different regions of the grating structure have specifically tailored geometric properties and material compositions to optimize diffraction efficiency for different wavelengths and polarization states of light

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Ease of manufacture

If conventional optical surfaces are used, then manufacturing is easier, but the field of view is limited and image information cannot be effectively conveyed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface fabricationVSAvoidfield of view
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The freeform surface introduces additional geometric dimensions and complexity to the conventional optical surface, enabling light routing in multiple directions and expanding the effective field of view. The freeform geometry creates multiple virtual image sources that broaden the angular coverage

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enhances the near-eye display's ability to convey image information efficiently and corrects optical aberrations, providing a wide field of view and high diffraction efficiency, making it suitable for virtual or augmented reality applications.

Implementation Method 1

The meta-grating is further configured to provide at least 50% +1 diffraction order Transverse Electric polarized absolute grating efficiency at a desired wavelength of the visible light spectrum in reflection, within a range of operation of an angle of incidence that spans about 20°

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Implementation Method 2

The freeform property of the nanostructured surface is either configured to correct optical aberrations induced by tilting and decentering of the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical aberration correction:

Implementation Method 3

aspects of the nanostructured surface are used to couple light into or out of the waveguide

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight coupling:

Data Source

PatentEP3278169B1Freeform nanostructured surface for virtual and augmented reality near eye display
Publication Date: 2022.05.04 UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
  • EP3278169B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~2b
  • EP3278169B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~4b
  • EP3278169B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

A near eye display includes at least one of a combiner, a secondary mirror, and a waveguide having a freeform nanostructured surface. The freeform nanostructured surface encompasses a freeform surface, a nanostructured surface or a combination of both the freeform surface and the nanostructured surface. The freeform nanostructured surface can be incorporated into a combiner or a secondary mirror in the near eye display in a compact folded geometry, wherein an anamorphic or freeform optic can be optically intermediate an image source and the freeform nanostructured surface. The nanostructured surface can include a meta-grating operable across the visible spectrum. The meta-grating includes meta-atoms configured to provide a given efficiency at the desired wavelengths in reflection.