Frequency Domain Watermarking for Robust Digital Image Protection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing digital image watermarking methods are vulnerable to compression and cropping, and are computationally expensive, making them ineffective in preventing unauthorized use and tracking of digital images.

Innovation Solution

A method that transforms digital images into coefficient blocks in the frequency domain, embeds a watermark-indicator in each block, and spreads the watermark data across the image to enhance robustness, allowing for detection and extraction even after high compression and cropping, while maintaining invisibility to the human eye.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional watermarking methods are used to embed watermarks in digital images, then the watermark can identify the image origin or ownership, but the watermark perceivably alters the appearance of the original image

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewatermark identification capabilityVSAvoidimage appearance alteration
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by embedding watermark data in specific frequency components (high-frequency coefficients) rather than uniformly across the entire image. This selective placement allows the watermark to be hidden in regions less perceptible to human vision, thereby maintaining image quality while ensuring watermark reliability for identification purposes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Productivity

If image compression is applied to reduce file size and improve transmission efficiency, then the image can be stored and transmitted more effectively, but the embedded watermark may be altered or become unrecoverable

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimage transmission efficiencyVSAvoidwatermark recoverability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by performing watermark embedding in the frequency domain before compression is applied. The watermark is embedded in a way that anticipates subsequent compression operations, placing watermark information in frequency components that are more resistant to compression artifacts. This preliminary positioning ensures the watermark survives compression while maintaining transmission efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Device complexity

If watermark data is embedded in specific blocks of the image to improve detection efficiency, then the computational cost is reduced, but the watermark becomes vulnerable to cropping attacks

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomputation costVSAvoidwatermark robustness to cropping
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the image into multiple blocks and embedding watermark information across multiple segments rather than concentrating it in a single block. This distributed segmentation ensures that even if some blocks are removed due to cropping, the watermark can still be recovered from the remaining blocks, thereby improving robustness while maintaining computational efficiency through the structured block-based approach.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

4Reliability

If the watermark is made robust to survive high levels of compression, then the watermark remains detectable after compression, but the watermark may alter the appearance of the image

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewatermark robustness to compressionVSAvoidimage appearance distortion
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by transforming the watermark embedding process from the spatial domain to the frequency domain. This parameter transformation allows the watermark to be embedded in frequency components that are less perceptible to human vision. By changing the domain parameter from spatial to frequency, the system achieves compression robustness while minimizing visual distortion through selective manipulation of frequency coefficients.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP2387846B1Image watermarking
Publication Date: 2019.11.27 GOOGLE LLC
  • EP2387846B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2387846B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2387846B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Methods and systems for watermarking of digital images are presented. In one aspect, a method of embedding information in a digital image includes transforming the digital image to a set of coefficient blocks having coefficients in a frequency domain, embedding a watermark- indicator in one or more of the coefficient blocks, and embedding a watermark in one or more watermark blocks that have a predetermined number of coefficient blocks. The embedded watermark is substantially invisible in the output watermarked digital image. Another aspect is a method of extracting a watermark from a digital image that includes transforming a digital image to a coefficient matrix, determining if the digital image is watermarked based on a predetermined watermark-indicator, and retrieving a watermark from a projected watermark block of a projected watermark block distribution.