FTIR Spectroscopy for Benign Tumor Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for diagnosing tumors, particularly distinguishing between benign and malignant solid tumors, are inadequate in terms of accuracy and efficiency, often requiring invasive biopsies and not effectively utilizing non-invasive techniques for early detection and differentiation.
Innovation Solution
The use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) and plasma samples, generating spectra that differentiate between benign, pre-malignant, and malignant conditions by identifying specific biochemical changes, allowing for the diagnosis of tumors without the need for tissue biopsy through FTIR microspectroscopy techniques.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional diagnostic methods are used, then tissue biopsy can provide definitive diagnosis, but the process is invasive and time-consuming
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) as an intermediary medium to indirectly detect tumor presence. Instead of directly analyzing tumor tissue through biopsy, the method analyzes PBMCs that interact with or respond to tumor conditions in the bloodstream, providing a non-invasive diagnostic approach while maintaining diagnostic accuracy
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the mechanical tissue biopsy procedure with optical spectroscopy analysis. By using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze the biochemical composition of PBMCs, the method substitutes the invasive mechanical sampling process with a non-invasive optical measurement technique
2Ease of operation
If FTIR spectroscopy is used to analyze PBMC samples, then non-invasive diagnosis is achieved, but the complexity of the analytical system increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and focuses on specific diagnostic spectral features from the complex FTIR spectrum of PBMCs. By identifying and analyzing particular absorption bands corresponding to specific biochemical molecules (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids), the method simplifies the complex spectroscopy data into actionable diagnostic markers, making the system more manageable and interpretable
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transforms the complex spectral data into quantifiable parameters by measuring changes in absorption intensity, bandwidth, and position at specific wavenumbers. These parameter changes reflect biochemical alterations in PBMCs associated with tumor conditions, converting complex spectral information into straightforward diagnostic metrics
3Loss of time
If biochemical analysis of PBMCs is performed, then early detection capability is improved, but the cost and time of analysis increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary biochemical analysis of PBMCs to detect early spectral changes that occur before tumor progression becomes clinically apparent. By analyzing absorption spectrum changes in key biochemical components, the method enables early detection and staging of tumor conditions while they are still in developing stages, allowing for timely intervention
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables accurate differentiation between benign and malignant tumors, facilitating early detection and reducing the need for invasive procedures, with high sensitivity and specificity, thereby improving diagnostic outcomes and potentially lowering mortality rates through early intervention.
Implementation Method 1
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to identify biochemical compounds and examine the biochemical composition of a biological sample. Typically, FTIR spectra are composed of several absorption bands each corresponding to specific functional groups related to cellular components such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids.
Data Source
AI summary
A method including identifying a subject as possibly having a benign tumor in ovarian tissue and obtaining an infrared spectrum of a PBMC sample of the subject and assessing a characteristic of the sample at at least one wavenumber selected from the group consisting of: 754.0±4 cm-1, 1103.6±4 cm-1, 1121.4±4 cm-1, 1346.1±4 cm-1, 1376.9±4 cm-1, 753.50±4 cm-1, 850.5±4 cm-1, 918.9±4 cm-1, 1058.7±4 cm-1, 1187.9±4 cm-1 and 1651.7±4 cm-1. Using a processor comparing, at the at least one wavenumber, the infrared spectrum to an infrared spectrum obtained from a PBMC sample from a person without a benign tumor, to detect a difference between the infrared spectrum of the PBMC sample of the subject and the infrared spectrum obtained from the PBMC sample from the person without a benign tumor. Other applications are also described.