FTIR Spectroscopy for PBMC Tumor Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for diagnosing and monitoring malignant neoplasms, particularly solid tumors, are inadequate in providing early detection and differentiation between cancerous and non-cancerous conditions using biochemical analysis.
Innovation Solution
The use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and microspectroscopy to analyze Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) samples, generating unique spectral patterns that distinguish between cancer patients and healthy individuals, allowing for the diagnosis and monitoring of solid tumors and pre-malignant conditions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional biochemical analysis methods are used for diagnosing malignant neoplasms, then the diagnostic process is simple and quick, but the detection precision and ability to differentiate cancerous from non-cancerous conditions is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces conventional biochemical analysis methods with FTIR spectroscopy, transitioning from traditional mechanical/chemical analysis to optical field-based detection. This substitution enables precise measurement of biochemical composition changes in cells through infrared absorption spectra, achieving high detection precision for malignant neoplasms while maintaining operational simplicity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes changes in biochemical parameters (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids) within cells as indicators of malignancy. By monitoring these parameter changes through FTIR spectroscopy, the system achieves high detection precision for cancerous versus non-cancerous conditions without requiring complex invasive procedures
2Measurement precision
If FTIR spectroscopy is used to analyze biochemical composition of cells, then detection precision is improved, but the complexity of the analysis system increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs FTIR spectroscopy to replace complex conventional biochemical analysis systems. By using infrared radiation to probe cellular biochemical composition, the system achieves high detection precision while actually simplifying the overall diagnostic workflow, as FTIR requires minimal sample preparation and provides comprehensive biochemical information in a single measurement
Solution Approach 2:
The FTIR spectroscopy system serves multiple diagnostic functions simultaneously: it detects protein changes, lipid alterations, carbohydrate modifications, and nucleic acid variations all through a single analytical platform. This multi-functionality reduces the need for multiple separate testing systems, thereby managing complexity while maintaining high detection precision
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables early detection and differentiation of various types of solid tumors by analyzing biochemical changes in PBMC samples, facilitating timely intervention and treatment, and monitoring the effectiveness of anti-cancer treatments.
Implementation Method 1
Infrared spectroscopy is a technique based on the absorption or reflection of infrared radiation by chemical substances; each chemical substance having unique absorption spectra. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to identify biochemical compounds and examine the biochemical composition of a biological sample.
Implementation Method 2
Infrared spectroscopy is a technique based on the absorption or reflection of infrared radiation by chemical substances; each chemical substance having unique absorption spectra.
Implementation Method 3
Infrared spectroscopy is a technique based on the absorption or reflection of infrared radiation by chemical substances; each chemical substance having unique absorption spectra.
Data Source
AI summary
A system is provided comprising an FTIR spectrometer configured to obtain a Fourier Transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrum of a Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) sample of the subject; a data processor operable with the FTIR spectrometer, and configured to analyze the infrared (IR) spectrum of the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) sample of the subject by assessing a characteristic of the sample of the subject at at least one wavenumber; and an output unit, configured to generate an output indicative of the presence of a solid tumor, based on the infrared (IR) spectrum. Other embodiments are also provided.