Fuel Cell Adhesive Layer Penetration for Sealing and Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing fuel cell structures face challenges in achieving mechanical stability and efficient material usage while maintaining effective sealing and reactant diffusion, leading to suboptimal performance and increased manufacturing complexity.

Innovation Solution

A fuel cell structure with an adhesive layer that penetrates the electrode and directly connects the membrane to a polymer frame, reducing material usage and enhancing stability, and featuring a U-shaped or C-shaped adhesive layer for improved sealing and reactant flow, along with microporous layers for enhanced water content and performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional sealing structures are used with multiple layers and components, then sealing reliability is improved, but device complexity and material usage increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesealing reliabilityVSAvoidstructure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines sealing, adhesive, and protective functions into a single integrated adhesive layer that directly connects the membrane electrode assembly to the bipolar plate. This eliminates the need for separate sealing rings, gaskets, and additional adhesive layers, thereby maintaining sealing reliability while significantly reducing structural complexity and material usage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The adhesive layer serves multiple functions simultaneously: it provides sealing between components, adheres the membrane electrode assembly to the bipolar plate, protects edge regions from degradation, and maintains mechanical stability. This multi-functionality allows a single component to replace what would traditionally require multiple separate elements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Stability of the object's composition

If adhesive layer completely penetrates the electrode, then mechanical stability is improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical stabilityVSAvoidadhesive penetration control
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent specifies optimal parameters for the adhesive layer including viscosity range (10-1000 Pa·s), thickness (10-100 μm), and complete penetration depth through the electrode. By defining these parameter ranges, the invention transforms the manufacturing challenge into a controllable process with clear specification limits, making complete penetration achievable without excessive precision requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Strength

If frame is placed between electrode and gas diffusion layer, then mechanical support is improved, but material usage and manufacturing complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical supportVSAvoidmaterial usage
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the essential mechanical support function from a traditional rigid frame structure and replaces it with a polymer-based bipolar plate that provides sufficient structural integrity. This eliminates the need for separate frame components while maintaining mechanical support, thereby reducing material usage and simplifying manufacturing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution results in a more stable and efficient fuel cell structure with improved sealing, reduced material usage, and increased fuel cell performance by minimizing diffusion losses, thus enhancing the range and safety of fuel cell systems and vehicles.

Implementation Method 1

the adhesive layer partially, but preferably completely, penetrates the first electrode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapillary action: Capillary Action

Implementation Method 2

This ensures suitable contact between the membrane and the adhesive layer, as it involves a bond between one polymer and another (possibly a further polymer), resulting in a stronger adhesive effect

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdhesion: Adhesive

Data Source

PatentEP3939109B1Fuel cell structure, fuel cell system and vehicle comprising a fuel cell
Publication Date: 2023.01.18 AUDI AG
  • EP3939109B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

The invention relates to a fuel cell structure having a membrane electrode arrangement (1), which comprises a membrane (2) and a first electrode (3), which is arranged on a first side (4) of the membrane (2), and which is associated with a first gas diffusion layer (7), and having a frame (11), wherein there is a bonding layer (10) on an edge region (9) of the membrane electrode arrangement (1) connecting the membrane electrode arrangement (1) to the frame (11) at least in regions. The bonding layer (10) penetrates the first electrode (3) and the membrane (2) is directly connected to the frame (11) due to said penetration. The invention further relates to a fuel cell system and to a fuel cell vehicle comprising such a fuel cell structure.