Fuel Cell Burner Temperature Control via Oxidant Adjustment

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Solution Overview

Problem

High-temperature fuel cell systems, such as solid oxide fuel cells, face challenges in maintaining optimal temperature gradients across the fuel cell stack, leading to performance degradation and reduced lifespan due to inefficiencies and energy losses, necessitating improved thermal management.

Innovation Solution

A method and apparatus that control the internal temperature of the fuel cell system by measuring the burner temperature and adjusting the oxidant supply to the burner, using a controller to minimize temperature differences and stabilize the fuel cell stack inlet temperature, allowing for dynamic and effective temperature control even with varying loads.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If the fuel cell stack operates at high temperature to maintain low internal electrical resistances and good performance, then the performance is improved, but the life of the fuel cells is reduced through increased degradation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel cell stack performanceVSAvoidfuel cell life span
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by dynamically adjusting the oxidant supply to the burner based on measured temperature deviations. The controller modifies the oxidant flow rate parameter to maintain the fuel cell stack temperature within an optimal range, thereby balancing performance and lifespan by preventing both cold and hot damage conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback control by measuring the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack and comparing it with the desired temperature range. The controller uses this temperature feedback signal to adjust the oxidant supply to the burner, creating a closed-loop control system that maintains optimal operating conditions and prevents temperature extremes that would harm performance or lifespan

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Reliability

If the fuel cell stack runs cold to increase life span, then the life increases, but the performance of the stack is poor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel cell life spanVSAvoidfuel cell stack performance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by dynamically adjusting the oxidant supply to the burner based on measured temperature deviations. The controller modifies the oxidant flow rate parameter to maintain the fuel cell stack temperature within an optimal range, thereby balancing performance and lifespan by preventing both cold and hot damage conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback control by measuring the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack and comparing it with the desired temperature range. The controller uses this temperature feedback signal to adjust the oxidant supply to the burner, creating a closed-loop control system that maintains optimal operating conditions and prevents temperature extremes that would harm performance or lifespan

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Reliability

If the burner temperature deviates from the set point, then thermal management is poor leading to performance-lifespan imbalance, but continuous monitoring and adjustment increases system complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal management balanceVSAvoidtemperature control system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback control by measuring the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack and comparing it with the desired temperature range. The controller uses this temperature feedback signal to adjust the oxidant supply to the burner, creating a closed-loop control system that maintains optimal operating conditions and prevents temperature extremes that would harm performance or lifespan

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies self-service by enabling the system to automatically monitor its own temperature and adjust its own oxidant supply without external intervention. The controller continuously reads temperature sensors and autonomously modifies the burner oxidant flow to maintain optimal temperature, making the system self-regulating and reducing the need for complex external control mechanisms

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method provides rapid and stable temperature control within the fuel cell stack, balancing performance and lifespan by quickly identifying thermal changes and adjusting oxidant supply, thereby optimizing the operating temperature range.

Implementation Method 1

a burner (6n) arranged to supply a fuel cell stack (2) with oxidant

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCombustion: Combustion

Implementation Method 2

controlling an amount of oxidant supplied to the burner to decrease or increase the amount of oxidant supplied to the burner to thereby reduce the burner temperature difference and control a fuel cell stack inlet temperature

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Data Source

PatentEP3251162B1Apparatus for thermal control in a fuel cell
Publication Date: 2019.03.20 LG FUEL CELL SYSTEMS INC
  • EP3251162B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3251162B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3251162B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

There is disclosed a method and apparatus for controlling an internal temperature of a fuel cell system. The method and system includes measuring a burner temperature of the high temperature fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack and a burner, the fuel cell stack comprising at least one fuel cell. The method further includes comparing the measured burner temperature with a predetermined burner temperature set point to identify a burner temperature difference between the measured burner temperature and the predetermined burner temperature set point and controlling an amount of oxidant supplied to the burner to decrease or increase the amount of oxidant supplied to the burner to thereby reduce the burner temperature difference and control a fuel cell stack inlet temperature.