Fuel Cell Air Conditioning Module With Bypass Humidity Mixing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional air supply systems for fuel cell systems in railway vehicles are cumbersome, with significant pressure losses and pressure drops due to complex piping arrangements, and fail to efficiently regulate temperature and humidity, while also not meeting fire safety standards due to flammable materials.

Innovation Solution

A compact power supply and air conditioning module with a metallic external envelope, featuring an air circuit with a heat exchanger, humidifier, distribution, and mixing spaces, along with a bypass branch and flow control valves, optimized for efficient air flow regulation and reduced pressure losses, and constructed from fire-resistant materials like stainless steel or aluminum.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional air supply systems are used with complex piping arrangements, then the system can provide air flow to fuel cells, but significant pressure losses and pressure drops occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveair flow pressureVSAvoidpiping arrangements
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent integrates the heat exchanger, humidifier, distribution space, and mixing space into a single unified module with a compact internal air circuit. This merging of previously separate components eliminates complex external piping arrangements and reduces pressure losses while maintaining reliable air flow to fuel cells.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The air circuit is nested within the module housing, with the heat exchanger, humidifier, distribution space, and mixing space arranged in a compact nested configuration. This nesting eliminates the need for extensive external piping and reduces pressure drops associated with complex routing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

2Reliability

If conventional air supply systems are used, then air can be supplied to fuel cells, but temperature and humidity regulation is inefficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel cell efficiencyVSAvoidtemperature and humidity regulation efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The air circuit performs preliminary conditioning by cooling the air in the heat exchanger and humidifying it in the humidifier before the air reaches the fuel cells. This preliminary action ensures optimal temperature and humidity levels for maximum fuel cell efficiency and productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The module incorporates sensors that monitor temperature, pressure, and relative humidity, with electronic interfaces that regulate the air conditioning processes. This feedback mechanism ensures precise temperature and humidity control to optimize fuel cell performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Reliability

If conventional equipment is used in railway vehicles, then air supply functions can be provided, but fire safety standards are not met due to flammable materials

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefire safetyVSAvoidflammable mass
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The module is constructed with a metallic housing and uses metal components for the heat exchanger, humidifier, and air circuit elements. These metallic (inert) materials replace flammable materials, creating a fire-resistant environment that meets railway vehicle safety standards while maintaining all air supply functions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #39Inert atmosphere (Inert environment)

4Volume of moving object

If a compact module design is implemented, then installation space is reduced, but the integration of multiple functions (heat exchange, humidification, distribution, mixing) becomes more challenging

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemodule sizeVSAvoidintegration of multiple functions
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the heat exchanger, humidifier, distribution space, and mixing space into a single integrated module. This merging allows multiple functions to be performed within a compact volume while managing integration complexity through unified design and internal air circuit routing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The components are arranged in a nested configuration where the air circuit flows sequentially through the heat exchanger, humidifier, distribution space, and mixing space within the compact module housing. This nesting achieves space efficiency while organizing the complexity of multiple functions in a structured manner.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The module enhances fuel cell efficiency and lifespan by optimizing air temperature and humidity control, minimizes pressure losses, and meets fire safety standards by reducing flammable materials, resulting in a more reliable and compact air conditioning system for railway vehicles.

Implementation Method 1

a heat exchanger, an air humidifier, a distribution space and a mixing space, arranged on the air circuit and received in the external casing

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat exchange: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 2

the air humidifier comprising a main air path, arranged between the distribution and mixing spaces on the air circuit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Data Source

PatentEP4336604A1Air supply and conditioning module for fuel cells of a vehicle
Publication Date: 2024.03.13 ALSTOM TRANSPORT SA
  • EP4336604A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4336604A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4336604A1 patent drawing

AI summary

The invention relates to an air supply and conditioning module (40) for a vehicle fuel cell system (24), said module comprising: - an air inlet (60) and an air outlet (62), provided on an outer casing; - an air circuit (46) received in the outer casing and opening onto the inlet and outlet; and - a heat exchanger (48), an air humidifier (50), a distribution space (52) and a mixing space (54), arranged on the air circuit; the humidifier being arranged between the distribution and mixing spaces; the outlet (62) being arranged downstream of the mixing space; the air circuit comprising a bypass branch (71), connecting the distribution and mixing spaces away from the humidifier and comprising a regulating valve (72).