Fuel-Cell Catalyst Uniformity via Support Particle Size Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for supporting catalyst metal on a fuel cell electrode support fail to achieve uniform distribution, leading to insufficient fuel cell performance.

Innovation Solution

A fuel-cell electrode catalyst with a support having a narrow particle size distribution and a catalyst metal complex with a mean particle size equivalent to the support's mean pore size, ensuring at least 80% of the support has a primary particle size within ±75% of the mean, and the catalyst metal complex has a mean particle size within ±75% of the support's mean pore size, facilitating uniform adsorption and high ionomer coverage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If conventional sedimentation or precipitation methods are used to support catalyst metal on support, then the catalyst metal can be supported on the support, but uniform distribution of catalyst metal cannot be achieved

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveuniformity of catalyst metal distributionVSAvoidfuel cell performance
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the particle size parameter of the support to a specific range (0.5-5 μm) and controls the pore size distribution to achieve optimal adsorption characteristics. This parameter optimization enables uniform catalyst metal distribution that conventional methods cannot achieve

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The support acts as an intermediary with specifically controlled properties (particle size 0.5-5 μm, narrow pore size distribution) that mediates between the catalyst metal and the final electrode structure, enabling uniform distribution and high performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Manufacturing precision

If support with wide particle size distribution is used, then the support can be easily manufactured, but catalyst metal cannot be uniformly adsorbed on the support

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveuniformity of catalyst metal adsorptionVSAvoidsupport particle size control
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The invention specifies a narrow particle size range (0.5-5 μm) for the support to ensure uniform catalyst metal adsorption. This controlled parameter range, while requiring more precise manufacturing, achieves the critical uniformity needed for fuel cell performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If catalyst metal is not uniformly supported on support, then the production process is simpler, but sufficient fuel cell performance cannot be provided

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel cell performanceVSAvoidcatalyst support structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

By optimizing the support particle size (0.5-5 μm) and pore size distribution, the invention creates a structure that naturally promotes uniform catalyst metal distribution, achieving high fuel cell performance without overly complex processing steps

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention utilizes the porous structure of the support with controlled pore size distribution to enhance catalyst metal adsorption and distribution, leveraging the inherent properties of porous materials to achieve uniform support

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach results in a uniformly supported catalyst metal, increased ionomer coverage, reduced oxygen diffusion resistance, and improved fuel cell performance, including enhanced cell output and reduced cracking.

Implementation Method 1

a catalyst metal complex having a mean particle size equivalent to the mean pore size of the support... uniform adsorption of the catalyst metal complex onto the support

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdsorption: Adsorption

Data Source

PatentEP3057161B1Fuel-cell electrode catalyst, and production method therefor
Publication Date: 2018.12.05 CATALER CORP
  • EP3057161B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3057161B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3057161B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel-cell electrode catalyst in which a catalyst metal is uniformly supported on a support. This object can be achieved by a fuel-cell electrode catalyst comprising a support having pores and a catalyst metal uniformly supported on the support, wherein at least 80% of the support has a primary particle size within ± 75 % of the mean primary particle size of the support.