Fuel Cell Stack Layer Separation With Sensor-Guided Ultrasonics

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Solution Overview

Problem

The recycling of fuel cell stacks is inefficient due to increasing adhesion and corrosion, leading to difficult separation of components, loss of valuable materials, and manual methods being time-consuming and damaging.

Innovation Solution

A method involving a separation unit guided by a drive unit, with sensor feedback for optimizing separation based on detected physical quantities, using ultrasonic vibrations and lubrication to separate cell layers efficiently.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If manual knife or spatula method is used to separate cell layers, then local separation can be achieved, but the process is time-consuming and results in significant tool wear

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveseparation effectivenessVSAvoidseparation time
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces manual mechanical separation (knife or spatula) with an automated mechanical separation system that uses a separation unit guided by a drive unit. This automated system performs the separation function more efficiently without the time loss and tool wear associated with manual methods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The separation unit is designed to perform the separation function autonomously through automated guidance and control, eliminating the need for manual operation. The system serves itself by automatically navigating between cell layers and executing the separation task without human intervention.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Productivity

If automated separation is implemented, then productivity increases, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveseparation efficiencyVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The automated separation system is divided into distinct functional modules: a separation unit for the actual separation task, a drive unit for guidance and positioning, and a control unit for coordination. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently while working together to achieve high productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The separation unit is designed as a multi-functional component that can handle various separation tasks across different cell layer configurations. The drive unit and control unit work together to provide universal guidance and control capabilities, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining high productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Ease of manufacture

If separation force is increased to overcome adhesion, then separation effectiveness improves, but damage risk to components increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveseparation effectivenessVSAvoiddamage risk
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The control unit receives feedback from sensors that monitor the separation process in real-time. This feedback allows the control unit to adjust the separation force dynamically, applying only the necessary force to overcome adhesion without exceeding damage thresholds. The feedback loop ensures separation effectiveness while minimizing damage risk.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The separation force is not applied statically but dynamically adjusted during the separation process. The drive unit and control unit work together to modulate the force application based on real-time conditions, allowing the system to adapt to varying adhesion forces while preventing excessive force that could cause damage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

4Duration of action of stationary object

If manual separation is used, then tool wear occurs, but if automated separation is used, then device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetool durabilityVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of stationary objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces manual mechanical tools (knife or spatula) with an automated separation unit that has no direct human contact. This substitution eliminates tool wear from manual use while the automated system manages its own durability through controlled operation and maintenance protocols.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The automated separation system operates autonomously without requiring manual tools, thereby eliminating the wear and tear associated with manual tool use. The system maintains its own components through controlled operation and can be serviced without the complexities of manual tool management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Automated separation process reduces damage risk, optimizes cycle time, and recovers valuable components effectively, minimizing tool wear and material loss.

Implementation Method 1

detecting at least one physical quantity that changes during the guiding step due to the action of the separation unit on the cell stack by means of a sensor unit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhysical quantity detection:

Implementation Method 2

a separation support unit for introducing ultrasonic vibrations and/or a lubricant and/or heat or cold into the cell stack

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectUltrasonic vibrations: Ultrasonic Vibration

Data Source

PatentEP4480022B1Method for controlling a drive unit and/or a separation support unit for separating cell layers of a cell stack of a fuel cell
Publication Date: 2026.01.28 ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
  • EP4480022B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4480022B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The invention relates to a method (100) for controlling a drive unit and/or a separation support unit for separating, by means of a separation unit, cell layers of a cell stack, in particular of an electrochemical cell, that adhere to one another, which cell stack is received in an receiving unit, said method comprising the steps: - by means of the drive unit, guiding (102) the separation unit between the cell layers of the cell stack that adhere to one another in order to separate the cell layers; - by means of a sensor unit, detecting (104) at least one physical variable that changes during the guiding step (102) due to an action of the separation unit on the cell stack; and - by means of a control unit, controlling (106) the drive unit and/or a separation support unit depending on the at least one detected physical variable in order to optimise the separation process.