Height-Adjustable Coolant Pressure Equalization for Fuel Cells

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing fuel cell systems face issues with complex and expensive designs for coolant pressure adjustment, leading to potential damage and performance loss due to internal pressure differences between coolant, cathode gas, and anode gas.

Innovation Solution

A cooling system with a pressure equalization device and a height-adjustable assembly that automatically adjusts coolant pressure, using an actuator arrangement and an electric motor-driven rack and pinion mechanism, allowing precise control based on operating modes and conditions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If a pressure equalization device with coolant membrane is used to adjust coolant pressure, then pressure control capability is improved, but device complexity and manufacturing cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoolant pressure control accuracyVSAvoidpressure equalization device structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the coolant membrane from the pressure equalization device, extracting the complex sealing mechanism while maintaining pressure control functionality through a simplified mechanical design with movable wall and pressure equalization chamber.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces expensive membrane materials with simpler, more cost-effective mechanical components such as movable walls and seals that can be manufactured at lower cost while achieving the same pressure control function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

2Adaptability or versatility

If a fixed-height pressure equalization device is used, then device simplicity is maintained, but coolant pressure adjustment capability is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoolant pressure adjustment rangeVSAvoidpressure equalization device structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a movable wall that can change position within the pressure equalization chamber, allowing the device to dynamically adjust coolant pressure based on operational requirements rather than being fixed at a single height.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent adds vertical movement capability to the pressure equalization device through the movable wall, introducing a new dimension of adjustment (height/position) that enables pressure control without complicating the overall device structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Manufacturing precision

If manual pressure adjustment is used, then device simplicity is maintained, but pressure control accuracy and responsiveness to operating modes deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoolant pressure control accuracyVSAvoidpressure adjustment automation
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSExtent of automation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements an automated control system that monitors coolant pressure and operating mode, then automatically adjusts the movable wall position to maintain optimal pressure, creating a closed-loop feedback system that responds dynamically to changing conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The pressure equalization device automatically regulates its own pressure without external intervention by using the movable wall to respond to pressure differential changes, enabling self-adjustment based on operational requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables accurate and cost-effective coolant pressure adjustment, enhancing fuel cell efficiency and longevity by minimizing pressure differences and optimizing coolant flow, particularly during start-up and warm-up phases.

Implementation Method 1

a height adjustment assembly for adjusting the height of the pressure equalization device to adjust the coolant pressure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGravitation: Gravitation

Implementation Method 2

a pressure equalization device for a coolant of the cooling circuit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure equalization: Pascal's Law

Data Source

PatentEP4560745B1A cooling system for a fuel cell system with a height-adjustable pressure equalization device and a method of adjusting a coolant pressure
Publication Date: 2026.03.18 VOLVO TRUCK CORP
  • EP4560745B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2

AI summary

A cooling system (1) for a fuel cell system (100), the cooling system (1) comprising - a cooling circuit (10), - a pressure equalization device (20) for a coolant of the cooling circuit, and - a height adjustment assembly (30) for adjusting the height of the pressure equalization device (20) to adjust the coolant pressure.