Fuel Cell Powertrain Range Control Using Age-Based Power Scheduling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Fuel cell electric vehicles face limited range due to limited hydrogen fuel supply, and existing power scheduling strategies do not effectively maximize range while considering the aging of the fuel cells.
Innovation Solution
A method and system that optimize fuel cell operation by determining the age and state-of-charge of the battery, operating the fuel cell at maximum efficiency points based on age, and switching to charge-sustaining modes as needed to maximize range, using a controller to manage power output and efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If the fuel cell size and power are increased to maximize range, then the range of the fuel cell electric vehicle is improved, but the cost, weight, and complexity of the vehicle increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic power scheduling that adjusts fuel cell operation based on real-time age and efficiency data. The controller continuously monitors fuel cell age and modifies power output strategies to maximize range without requiring a larger fuel cell system. This dynamic adaptation allows the existing fuel cell to operate optimally across different operational phases, resolving the contradiction between range and system size/complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes operational parameters (power output, efficiency targets) based on fuel cell age. By adjusting these parameters dynamically rather than increasing hardware capacity, the system maximizes range from the existing fuel cell configuration, avoiding the need for larger and more complex systems.
2Duration of action of stationary object
If power scheduling strategies are implemented to increase fuel cell life, then the fuel cell lifespan is improved, but the range of the fuel cell electric vehicle is not maximized
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a feedback mechanism where the controller continuously monitors fuel cell age and efficiency data, then adjusts power scheduling decisions accordingly. This closed-loop control ensures that range-maximizing strategies are applied at appropriate ages while protecting fuel cell lifespan, resolving the contradiction between extending lifespan and maximizing range.
Solution Approach 2:
The power scheduling strategy dynamically adapts based on fuel cell age. Early in the fuel cell lifecycle, more aggressive power scheduling maximizes range. As the fuel cell ages, the strategy becomes more conservative to protect lifespan. This dynamic approach resolves the contradiction by allowing both range maximization and lifespan protection at different operational phases.
3Use of energy by moving object
If the fuel cell operates at maximum efficiency points based on age, then fuel economy is improved, but transient maneuvers increase which may accelerate degradation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies partial optimization by operating at maximum efficiency points only when beneficial. The controller evaluates whether transitioning to maximum efficiency points will cause excessive transient maneuvers, and if so, it uses intermediate operating points instead. This partial application of maximum efficiency operation maintains fuel economy while avoiding degradation from excessive transients.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Maximizes the range of fuel cell electric vehicles by optimizing fuel cell operation based on age and battery state, achieving efficient power output and fuel economy while minimizing transient maneuvers and fuel cell degradation.
Implementation Method 1
The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the component that enables electrochemical reactions in the fuel cell
Data Source
AI summary
A method of operating a fuel cell includes determining a total age of the fuel cell, determining a state-of-charge of a battery, in response to the state-of-charge of the battery being greater than a predetermined charge threshold, operating the fuel cell at a maximum efficiency point. The method further includes in response to the state-of-charge of the battery being less than or equal to the predetermined charge threshold, operating the fuel cell such that the battery operates in a charge-sustaining mode. The maximum efficiency point is based on the determined total age of the fuel cell, and the maximum efficiency power output of the fuel cell at the maximum efficiency point increases as the total age of the fuel cell increases so as to maximize a range of the fuel cell.