Fuel Cell Power Management for Transport Refrigeration Units

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional transport refrigeration units rely on finite battery power, which is not a sustainable solution for powering refrigeration systems during extended transit, necessitating a more efficient and reliable energy source.

Innovation Solution

Integration of a fuel cell system with a supervisory management module to control the operation of the refrigeration unit and fuel cell, utilizing energy storage devices and fuel tanks to optimize power distribution and management.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Duration of action of moving object

If a battery pack is used to power the transport refrigeration unit, then the refrigeration unit can operate during transit, but the battery pack is a finite source of power and requires frequent recharging or replacement

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperating duration of refrigeration unitVSAvoidenergy storage capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of moving objectVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from chemical energy storage (battery) to electrochemical energy conversion (fuel cell), changing the fundamental parameter of energy supply from finite storage to continuous generation. The fuel cell converts chemical energy from fuel directly into electrical energy, enabling extended operation without the limitations of battery capacity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical/electrical energy storage system (battery pack with inverter) with an electrochemical energy conversion system (fuel cell). This substitution eliminates the finite storage limitation by continuously converting fuel into electricity through electrochemical reactions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Reliability

If a fuel cell system is integrated with multiple components (energy storage device, fuel tank, supervisory management module), then continuous power supply is achieved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontinuous operation capabilityVSAvoidsystem component quantity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the power supply system into distinct functional modules: fuel cell stack, energy storage device, fuel tank, and supervisory management module. Each component performs a specific function and can be independently managed, controlled, and maintained, which simplifies the overall system architecture despite the increased number of components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The supervisory management module acts as an intermediary that coordinates between the fuel cell, energy storage device, and refrigeration unit. It manages power distribution, monitors system status, and controls operational parameters, thereby simplifying the control architecture and reducing the need for complex direct connections between all components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Productivity

If the supervisory management module continuously monitors and controls the fuel cell and refrigeration unit, then optimal power distribution is achieved, but the control system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower distribution efficiencyVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The supervisory management module implements continuous monitoring of system parameters (power output, fuel cell status, refrigeration load, energy storage charge level) and uses this feedback to dynamically adjust power distribution. This closed-loop control optimizes power management while maintaining manageable complexity through automated decision-making algorithms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution provides a sustainable and efficient power source for transport refrigeration units by leveraging fuel cells and advanced power management, ensuring continuous operation and reducing energy consumption.

Implementation Method 1

a fuel cell configured to provide electricity to the transport refrigeration unit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFuel cell electrochemical conversion: Fuel Cell

Data Source

PatentEP4238790A1Transport refrigeration system powered by a fuel cell
Publication Date: 2023.09.06 CARRIER CORP
  • EP4238790A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4238790A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4238790A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A transport refrigeration system (200) including a transport refrigeration unit (22) configured to provide conditioned air to a refrigerated cargo space (119) of a transport container (106), a fuel cell (400) configured to provide electricity to the transport refrigeration unit (22), and a supervisory management module configured to control operation of the transport refrigeration unit (22) and the fuel cell (400).