Fuel Cell Startup Load Strategy for DC/DC Converter Sizing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Fuel cell systems face inefficiencies due to the need for oversized DC/DC converters to handle both open circuit and full load conditions, leading to poor power utilization and space underutilization, especially in large systems where more fuel cell stacks cannot be efficiently packed due to voltage limitations.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a method where fuel cell stacks are initially connected to a local load during startup to increase output voltage, allowing connection to the main electrical system only when the voltage drops below rated levels, thereby reducing the need for additional converters and cabling, and enabling more efficient packing of fuel cell stacks.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If boost-mode DC/DC converter is used to regulate DC link voltage, then voltage regulation is achieved, but converter capacity utilization is poor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage regulationVSAvoidconverter capacity utilization
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by introducing a local load that is activated during startup to pre-establish appropriate operating conditions. The local load is connected during startup to ensure the fuel cell output voltage remains within the rated voltage range of the DC/DC converter, allowing the converter to operate in its optimal capacity range and improve utilization efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Power

If fuel cell stacks are stacked in series to increase voltage, then voltage output increases, but space utilization becomes inefficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage outputVSAvoidspace utilization
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by introducing a local load during startup to change the operating voltage parameter of the fuel cell system. This allows the system to operate at higher voltages during startup without requiring additional series stacks, thereby improving power output while maintaining efficient space utilization in the fuel cell room.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If DC/DC converter dimensioning covers both open circuit and full load conditions, then voltage regulation is maintained, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage regulationVSAvoidconverter dimensioning
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by connecting a local load during startup to pre-establish appropriate voltage conditions. This eliminates the need for oversized converter dimensioning that would otherwise be required to handle both open circuit and full load conditions, thereby reducing system complexity while maintaining voltage regulation reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

4Power

If more fuel cell stacks are added to utilize room height, then power capacity increases, but floor area requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower capacityVSAvoidfloor area
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by using a local load during startup to enable higher voltage operation. This allows existing fuel cell stacks to operate at higher voltages without requiring additional stacks, thereby increasing power capacity while avoiding the need for additional floor area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3866320B1Fuel cell power system
Publication Date: 2024.01.24 ABB (SCHWEIZ) AG
  • EP3866320B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3866320B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3866320B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

A fuel cell power system and a method of starting a fuel cell power system. The fuel cell power system comprises a fuel cell system having one or more voltage outputs, one or more DC/DC converters each having an output and an input, the input being connectable to the voltage outputs of the fuel cell system, a DC voltage link connectable to the output of the one or more DC/DC converters, and a local load connectable to the DC voltage link. In the system, the local load is adapted to draw power from the fuel cell system to decrease the voltage of the fuel cell system.