Fuel Cell System Startup Temperature Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

The existing fuel cell systems face excessive temperature rise during startup due to oxygen being in excess compared to fuel gas, which can deteriorate the reforming performance of the fuel processor.

Innovation Solution

A fuel cell system control method that adjusts the flow rates of fuel and cathode gases to prevent excessive temperature rise by controlling the supply of cathode gas and fuel gas, ensuring the outlet temperature of the fuel processor remains within a safe range for efficient reforming.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If cathode gas is supplied before fuel gas to warm up the fuel processor, then the fuel processor reaches reforming temperature faster, but excessive temperature rise occurs due to oxygen being in excess compared to fuel gas

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel processor temperatureVSAvoidexcessive temperature rise
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by making the cathode gas supply flow rate variable rather than constant. The control device dynamically adjusts the cathode gas flow rate based on real-time temperature measurements from the temperature sensor, increasing flow rate when temperature is low and decreasing it when temperature approaches the target range, thereby preventing excessive temperature rise while maintaining efficient warming.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback control by using a temperature sensor to continuously monitor the fuel processor temperature and feeding this information back to the control device. The control device then adjusts the cathode gas supply accordingly, creating a closed-loop control system that automatically prevents overheating while achieving efficient warming of the fuel processor.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Object-affected harmful factors

If cathode gas supply is reduced to prevent excessive temperature rise, then temperature control improves, but warming efficiency decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature controlVSAvoidwarming efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent resolves this contradiction by dynamically adjusting the cathode gas flow rate based on real-time temperature conditions. During early warming stages when temperature is low, the cathode gas flow rate is maintained at higher levels for efficient warming. As temperature approaches the target range, the flow rate is dynamically reduced to prevent overheating, thus maintaining both warming efficiency and temperature control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies periodic action through staged control of cathode gas supply. The control device operates in different phases: initially supplying cathode gas at higher rates for rapid warming, then transitioning to reduced rates as temperature targets are approached. This periodic adjustment pattern optimizes both warming efficiency and temperature control throughout the startup process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method effectively suppresses excessive temperature rise during startup, ensuring the reformer operates within optimal conditions, thereby maintaining the reforming performance and preventing damage to the fuel processor.

Implementation Method 1

POX (partial oxidation) reforming is performed when the cathode gas is supplied before supplying a fuel gas

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPartial oxidation (POX): Oxidation

Implementation Method 2

a fuel cell system that suppresses excessive temperature rise during the warming processing at the starting-up of the system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectExothermic reaction: Exothermic Reaction

Implementation Method 3

sequentially implementing a POX operation, ATR operation, and SR operation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAutothermal reforming (ATR):

Implementation Method 4

sequentially implementing a POX operation, ATR operation, and SR operation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSteam reforming (SR):

Data Source

PatentEP3664208B1Fuel cell system control method and fuel cell system
Publication Date: 2021.06.16 NISSAN MOTOR CO LTD
  • EP3664208B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3664208B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3664208B1 patent drawingFigure 3(a)~4

AI summary

According to a control method of controlling a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system including a solid oxide fuel cell that is supplied with an anode gas and a cathode gas to generate electric power, a fuel processor that at least reforms fuel to generate the anode gas and supplies the generated anode gas to the fuel cell, and a combustor that combusts the supplied fuel to perform warming of the fuel processor, the method is conducted when warming is performed at least at starting-up of the system. The method comprising: a cathode gas supply step of supplying the cathode gas to the fuel processor; a determining step of determining whether a temperature of gas passing through the fuel processor is higher than a temperature at which reforming is possible; a cathode gas decreasing step of decreasing a supplied amount of the cathode gas to the fuel processor when it is determined that the temperature of the gas is higher than the temperature at which reforming is possible; and a fuel supply step of supplying the fuel to the fuel processor.