Fuel Cell Moisture Removal via Throttle Valve Pressure Gradient

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional fuel cell systems require pumps to discharge moisture, leading to increased complexity and size, as well as the need for a power supply, which complicates the layout and operation.

Innovation Solution

The system utilizes pressure differences between components to discharge moisture, employing a throttle valve to create a pressure gradient that allows moisture to be scooped up from the fuel cell to a gas-liquid separator, eliminating the need for pumps and enabling efficient moisture removal without enlarging the system's construction.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a pump is used to move offgas and moisture from the fuel cell to the gas-liquid separator, then moisture discharge is achieved, but device complexity and construction size increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemoisture dischargeVSAvoidsystem construction
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts the moisture discharge function from the mechanical pump system and implements it through pressure differential control using the throttle valve. The throttle valve creates a pressure difference between the anode chamber and gas-liquid separator, enabling passive moisture removal without requiring a pump, thus reducing device complexity while maintaining reliable moisture discharge

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The system enables self-service moisture discharge by utilizing the pressure differential naturally created by the throttle valve in the cathode offgas line. The pressure difference automatically drives moisture from the fuel cell through the anode drainpipe to the gas-liquid separator without external power input, making the system self-regulating and eliminating the need for powered scooping devices

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Reliability

If a pump is used to move offgas and moisture, then moisture discharge is achieved, but the system requires additional power supply

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemoisture dischargeVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The throttle valve creates a pressure differential that automatically drives moisture discharge from the fuel cell to the gas-liquid separator. This passive pressure-driven system eliminates the need for powered pumps, achieving reliable moisture discharge without additional power consumption and improving overall system energy efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The invention removes the power-consuming pump component from the moisture discharge system and replaces it with a pressure differential mechanism controlled by the throttle valve. This extraction of the active pumping function reduces power requirements while maintaining effective moisture removal capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Adaptability or versatility

If the fuel cell is positioned at the base of the system, then layout flexibility is achieved, but pump requirements increase complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelayout flexibilityVSAvoidpump system
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts the pump requirement from the system by implementing pressure differential control through the throttle valve. This allows the fuel cell to remain positioned at the base for layout flexibility while eliminating the need for pumps, as the pressure difference naturally drives moisture upward to the gas-liquid separator

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses pneumatic pressure differential created by the throttle valve in the cathode offgas line to drive moisture removal. The pressure difference acts as a pneumatic pump, enabling the fuel cell to be positioned at the base without requiring mechanical pumping equipment, thus maintaining layout flexibility while reducing complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach minimizes system size, reduces complexity, and stabilizes fuel cell performance by preventing flooding, while improving fuel consumption and maintaining low costs without requiring power-driven scooping devices.

Implementation Method 1

The throttle valve establishes a pressure difference downstream within the anode drainpipe to enable movement of the fuel offgas and the moisture from the anode drain opening to a lower pressure area of the gas-liquid separator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure difference: Pressure Gradient

Implementation Method 2

The gas-liquid separator separates fuel gas components and moisture of the fuel offgas

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGas-liquid separation: Cyclone Separation

Implementation Method 3

a fuel cell that generates power by an electrochemical reaction of fuel gas and an oxidant gas

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrochemical reaction: Fuel Cell

Data Source

PatentEP1911115B1Fuel cell system
Publication Date: 2015.05.20 NISSAN MOTOR CO LTD
  • EP1911115B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP1911115B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP1911115B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A fuel cell system is described that enables discharge of moisture generated by the fuel cell system based on pressure differences between components of the fuel cell system. This invention does not invite enlargements or complications of the construction of the fuel cell system. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell that discharges oxidant offgas via a cathode discharge pipe and discharges fuel offgas and moisture to an anode drain opening that in turn discharges the fuel offgas and the moisture to a gas-liquid separator via an anode drainpipe. A throttle valve establishes a pressure difference downstream within the anode drainpipe to enable movement of the fuel offgas and the moisture from the anode drain opening to a lower pressure area of the gas-liquid separator. In addition, the pressure difference enables the fuel offgas to flow from the gas-liquid separator to the cathode discharge pipe through the throttle valve.