Fuel Injection Control for Transient Particulate Emission Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Internal combustion engines produce increased particulate emissions during transient events due to fuel impingement, poor air-fuel mixing, and diffusion flames, which are not effectively reduced by existing methods like particulate filters that increase costs and back pressure.
Innovation Solution
A system that adjusts fuel injection parameters, including the number of injections, injection timing, and fuel injection pressure, based on the magnitude of transient events, actual engine speed, and airflow to each cylinder, using a fuel control module and modules for predicting manifold pressure and desired airflow to balance impingement reduction, mixing improvement, and diffusion flame reduction.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-generated harmful factors
If a particulate filter is included in the exhaust system to reduce particulate emissions, then particulate emissions are reduced, but exhaust back pressure increases and costs increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the particulate reduction function from the exhaust system and relocates it to the combustion chamber by using multiple fuel injections. Instead of filtering particles after they are formed in the exhaust system, the system prevents particle formation during combustion through optimized fuel delivery, eliminating the need for exhaust filters and reducing back pressure.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies preliminary action by performing multiple fuel injections before combustion occurs. The fuel control system divides the total fuel injection into multiple separate injection events during the combustion cycle, ensuring proper air-fuel mixing and preventing fuel impingement that leads to particulate formation. This preliminary fuel delivery optimization prevents harmful particles before they can be generated.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If multiple fuel injections are used to reduce fuel impingement and improve air-fuel mixing, then particulate emissions are reduced, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the fuel injection process into multiple separate injection events rather than using a single continuous injection. The fuel control system divides the total fuel quantity into multiple smaller injection pulses distributed throughout the combustion cycle, which improves air-fuel mixing and prevents fuel impingement on piston surfaces, thereby reducing particulate emissions without requiring complex external filtering systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively reduces particulate emissions during transient events by optimizing fuel injection strategies, thereby minimizing the need for costly particulate filters and reducing exhaust back pressure.
Implementation Method 1
fuel impingement, poor air-fuel mixing, and diffusion flames
Data Source
AI summary
A system according to the present disclosure includes a fuel control module and at least one of a desired air per cylinder (APC) module and a predicted manifold absolute pressure (MAP) module. The desired APC module determines a desired amount of airflow to each cylinder of an engine. The predicted MAP module predicts a pressure within an intake manifold of the engine at a future time. The fuel control module selectively adjusts a fuel injection parameter of the engine based on at least one of: a change in the desired air per cylinder from a first time to a second time; and a change in the predicted manifold pressure from the first time to the second time.