Fuel Injector Bench Testing With Variable Nozzle Backpressure

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for testing dual-fuel injectors in internal combustion engines fail to accurately replicate the operating conditions in the engine, leading to inadequate representation of injector quality and potential drivability issues, which can result in warranty costs.

Innovation Solution

A method involving controlling the backpressure at the nozzle outlet of the fuel injector to simulate engine conditions, using a variable backpressure based on control pulse duration, frequency, and fuel injection pressure to generate a gain curve that reflects the injector's performance, allowing for a more accurate assessment of injector quality.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If constant backpressure is applied during bench testing, then the test procedure is simple, but the accuracy of representing injector performance in actual engine operation deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetest procedure simplicityVSAvoidinjector performance representation accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies the dynamics principle by transitioning from constant backpressure to variable backpressure that changes according to control pulse duration. The backpressure is dynamically adjusted to match actual engine operating conditions at different injection durations, making the test procedure more representative of real injector performance while maintaining procedural simplicity through automated control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements parameter changes by varying the backpressure parameter as a function of control pulse duration. Different backpressure values are applied corresponding to different injection durations, accurately reflecting the changing cylinder pressure conditions in actual engine operation. This parameter variation enables precise measurement of injector performance across the full operating range.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Loss of time

If traditional bench testing methods are used, then testing time and resources are reduced, but the ability to detect drivability problems and assess injector quality deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetesting time and resourcesVSAvoidinjector quality assessment accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by performing comprehensive injector testing under simulated engine conditions before the injector is installed in the vehicle. By conducting gain curve measurements with variable backpressure that replicates actual operating conditions, potential drivability problems are detected early during bench testing, preventing costly warranty issues later while maintaining efficient testing procedures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Productivity

If a limited number of operating points are tested, then the test procedure is faster, but the comprehensive understanding of injector behavior across the full operating range deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetesting speedVSAvoidinjector behavior data completeness
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements continuity of useful action by continuously varying the control pulse duration across the entire operating range while measuring the corresponding gain curve. Instead of discrete limited operating points, the system continuously collects data from minimum to maximum injection durations with appropriate backpressure adjustment at each point, providing comprehensive injector behavior information efficiently in a single continuous test sequence.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Data Source

PatentEP4426926B1A method for testing a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine
Publication Date: 2025.12.10 VOLVO TRUCK CORP
  • EP4426926B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4426926B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4426926B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The disclosure relates to a method for testing a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine, said method comprising: providing a fuel injector having a nozzle outlet; determining a control pulse duration range corresponding to a range of a quantity of injected fuel; determining a number of fixed durations of the control pulse within the duration range; selecting a plurality of operating points of said internal combustion engine, said plurality of operating points being defined by said number of fixed durations of the control pulse and the selected set of operating conditions; based on the determined control pulse duration range, the injected fuel quantities, and the selected operating conditions, controlling a backpressure level at the nozzle outlet of the fuel injector so as to set backpressure levels expected to occur in the internal combustion engine during its operation in use within the determined control pulse duration range, the injected fuel quantities and the selected set of operating conditions; and obtaining a gain curve of the fuel injector representing the injected fuel quantity as a function of the duration of the control pulse, wherein a derivative of the gain curve is indicative of a quality of the fuel injector.