Fuel Injector with Nested Check Valves for Simultaneous Injection
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Solution Overview
Problem
In internal combustion engines, existing fuel injectors result in inadequate mixing of fuel and oxidant due to the fuel coming into contact with the oxidant after injection, leading to inefficient combustion.
Innovation Solution
A fuel injector system with a nozzle featuring a movable outer check and an inner check, allowing for simultaneous injection of fuel and oxidant through aligned orifices, controlled by a controller to optimize mixing and combustion.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If fuel is injected into the combustion chamber through a single nozzle, then the injection structure is simple, but the mixing of fuel and oxidant is inadequate
Solution Approach 1:
The injection system is segmented into multiple independent injection paths: a fuel injection path with fuel orifice and fuel check valve, and an oxidant injection path with oxidant orifice and oxidant check valve. This segmentation allows separate control of fuel and oxidant injection, enabling independent timing and quantity control to achieve optimal mixing ratios.
Solution Approach 2:
The fuel check valve and oxidant check valve are nested within the injection nozzle structure. The fuel check valve is positioned with its seat adjacent to the fuel orifice, while the oxidant check valve is positioned with its seat adjacent to the oxidant orifice. This nested arrangement integrates multiple valve functions into a compact nozzle assembly, maintaining structural simplicity while achieving complex injection control.
2Device complexity
If fuel and oxidant are injected separately, then the injection control is simple, but the combustion efficiency is reduced due to inadequate mixing
Solution Approach 1:
The check valves are positioned to allow preliminary injection of one fluid (fuel or oxidant) before the other. The first check valve opens to allow injection of its associated fluid, and the second check valve opens subsequently to allow injection of the other fluid. This preliminary action sequence creates staged injection that enhances mixing while maintaining simple control mechanisms.
Solution Approach 2:
The injection system employs periodic action through the sequential opening and closing of check valves during the injection event. The first check valve opens and closes, followed by the second check valve opening and closing. This periodic valve operation creates pulsed injection patterns that promote turbulent mixing and improve combustion efficiency while keeping the control system relatively simple.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design enhances the mixing of fuel and oxidant, improving combustion quality and reducing emissions by ensuring better contact and distribution within the combustion chamber.
Implementation Method 1
The fuel supplied by the injector comes in contact with pressurized oxidant
Data Source
AI summary
A fuel injector includes a nozzle having at least one first orifice provided therein. The at least one first orifice is adapted to selectively inject one of a fuel and an oxidant. An outer check is disposed movably within the nozzle. The outer check includes at least one second orifice provided therein. The at least one second orifice is adapted to selectively inject an other of the oxidant and the fuel. An inner check is disposed movably and concentrically within the outer chock. The at least one second orifice is adapted to align with respect to the at least one first orifice to selectively inject the fuel and the oxidant together through the at least one first orifice based on a position of each of the outer check and the inner check.