Fuel Injector Nozzle Detent Assembly Thermal Management
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing fuel injector nozzle designs for gas turbine engines face challenges in retaining components while accommodating thermal expansion and preventing coking and wear, due to the use of welds, braze, and pins which increase thermal conduction and make assembly and maintenance complex.
Innovation Solution
The design incorporates an outer air swirler with a groove and a prefilmer with detent fingers for secure assembly without additional fasteners, along with a fuel swirler with tabs for concentric placement, minimizing thermal conduction and reducing wear by eliminating the need for welds, braze, or pins.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If welds, braze, and pins are used to fasten external and internal walls together, then the components are securely held together, but thermal conduction increases and component replacement becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The nozzle is divided into separate external and internal wall components that can be independently replaced. The internal walls are segmented into removable components that can be accessed and replaced without replacing the entire nozzle assembly, addressing both retention strength and maintenance ease.
Solution Approach 2:
A thermal barrier or insulating layer is introduced between the external and internal walls to reduce thermal conduction while maintaining structural integrity. This intermediary layer allows the walls to be held together securely without direct thermal contact, resolving the contradiction between strong retention and thermal isolation.
2Strength
If welds, braze, and pins are used to fasten walls together, then components are held securely, but assembly and maintenance complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The nozzle structure is segmented into modular components (external walls, internal walls, and removable inserts) that can be assembled and disassembled independently. This segmentation simplifies assembly procedures and enables selective replacement of components without complex fastening operations.
Solution Approach 2:
The complex fastening methods (welds, braze, pins) are extracted and replaced with simpler retention mechanisms. Internal components are designed to be removable and replaceable through simple access points, eliminating the need for complex assembly procedures while maintaining secure retention.
3Strength
If pins are used to fasten components together, then components are retained, but additional wear surfaces are created leading to vibration damage
Solution Approach 1:
Physical fastening elements like pins that create wear surfaces are extracted from the design. Instead, the internal walls and components are retained through geometric interlocking, friction fits, or thermal expansion differences that eliminate contact wear while maintaining secure retention under vibration.
Solution Approach 2:
Certain internal components are designed as disposable or easily replaceable elements that can be quickly swapped without complex fastening. This approach accepts that these components may experience wear but eliminates the need for durable fastening mechanisms, simplifying the overall system and reducing vibration-related wear on critical structures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enhances the lifespan of the nozzle by reducing thermal conduction, simplifying assembly and maintenance, and allowing for easier replacement of components, while reducing the overall complexity and cost of the nozzle.
Implementation Method 1
a prefilmer located concentrically within the outer air swirler with the prefilmer having at least one detent finger to engage the groove on the inner surface of the outer air swirler
Implementation Method 2
an aft support extending radially outward to contact the outer air swirler with the cylindrical forward end contacting the at least one tab of the fuel swirler to hold the fuel swirler in place
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
AI summary
A nozzle (16) for a fuel injector can include an outer air swirler (24) having an inner surface with the outer air swirler (24) having a groove (34) on the inner surface and a prefilmer (28) located concentrically within the outer air swirler (24) with the prefilmer (28) having at least one detent finger (36) to engage the groove (34) on the inner surface of the outer air swirler (24). The nozzle (16) can also include a fuel swirler (30) located concentrically within the prefilmer (28) and configured to convey fuel to a forward end of the nozzle (16) with the fuel swirler (30) having at least one tab (38) extending axially at an aft end, and an inner air swirler (32) having a cylindrical forward end (40) located concentrically within the fuel swirler (30) and an aft support (42) extending radially outward to contact the outer air swirler (24) with the cylindrical forward end (40) contacting at least one tab (38) of the fuel swirler (30) to hold the fuel swirler (30) in place.