Fuel Oxidant Mixing Device with Flow Diversion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Large mixing chambers for fuel cells often produce less homogeneous fuel/oxidant mixtures, leading to deposits that reduce the service life of downstream reformers due to inadequate mixing, especially in larger systems.

Innovation Solution

A device with a tube design that includes a means to divert fuel vapor near the axis into outer areas rich in oxidizing agent, using features like tangentially curved blades and a bead-shaped tip to enhance mixing, and an evaporation chamber with recirculation lines to improve fuel vaporization and mixing efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If turbulence of the oxidizing agent is increased to improve mixing in larger cross sections, then mixing efficiency is improved, but the region near the axis remains free from oxidizing agent causing incomplete mixing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehomogeneity of fuel/oxidant mixtureVSAvoidsoot formation from incomplete mixing
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

A means for diverting the flow is introduced as an intermediary element that redirects fuel vapor from the axis region into the outer areas where oxidizing agent is present. This mediator resolves the contradiction by physically transporting fuel vapor into the mixing zone, ensuring complete mixing without requiring excessive turbulence that would otherwise leave the axis region depleted of oxidizer.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The solution introduces a radial dimension to the flow pattern by diverting axial fuel vapor flow into the radial outer areas of the pipe. This dimensional transition ensures that fuel vapor accesses the oxidizing agent in regions where it is present, solving the incomplete mixing problem caused by axial flow patterns.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Productivity

If the tube diameter is increased to handle larger quantities of fuel, then fuel gas production capacity is improved, but the area near the axis that remains free from oxidizing agent becomes larger

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel gas production capacityVSAvoidhomogeneity of fuel/oxidant mixture
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The mixing process is segmented into distinct zones: an inner axis region where fuel vapor flows, and an outer region where oxidizing agent is supplied. The means for diverting flow acts as an interface between these segments, transferring fuel vapor from the inner zone to the outer mixing zone. This segmentation allows the tube to be scaled to larger diameters for higher productivity while maintaining effective mixing through the interfacial transfer mechanism.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Manufacturing precision

If tangential deviation of the material outlet direction is increased to create rotating vortices for improved mixing, then mixing efficiency is improved, but the area close to the axis is kept free from oxidizing agent

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemixing homogeneityVSAvoidsoot formation
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

Different regions of the pipe are assigned different functions: the outer region is optimized for oxidizing agent supply and vortex-induced mixing, while the inner axis region is optimized for fuel vapor flow. The means for diverting flow creates a localized transfer zone where fuel vapor is redirected into the outer mixing region. This local quality differentiation allows tangential deviation to be used for mixing enhancement without suffering from the harmful effect of axis region oxidizer depletion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution results in a significantly more homogeneous fuel/oxidant mixture, reducing soot formation and extending the service life of reformers, particularly effective in larger systems generating sufficient fuel gas for high-power fuel cells.

Implementation Method 1

turbulence of the oxidizing agent, which is advantageous for mixing the fuel with the oxidizing agent

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTurbulence: Turbulence

Implementation Method 2

A tangential deviation creates rotating vortices in the supplied oxidizer, which improves mixing with the fuel

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVortex: Vortex Ring

Implementation Method 3

The liquid fuel is vaporized in a first zone by contact with a hot primary medium, such as water vapor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Implementation Method 4

an evaporation chamber with recirculation lines to improve fuel vaporization and mixing efficiency

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Convection

Data Source

PatentEP1859857B1Device for manufacturing a fuel oxidation agent mixture
Publication Date: 2009.04.29 FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH
  • EP1859857B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP1859857B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP1859857B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

Device for the production of a fuel-oxidant mixture comprises a unit arranged in the region of a feed to deviate the flow of the fuel vapor into an outer region of a tube.